Volatile organic compounds of camel milk and shubat across Kazakhstans regions, seasons, and breeds
Bilal Z. Kondybayev A. Ospanova A. Tormo H. Akhmetsadykova S. Amutova F. Faye B. Konuspayeva G.
15 August 2024Elsevier Ltd
Heliyon
2024#10Issue 15
Despite extensive research in recent years on camel milk composition and health benefits, limited scientific data exists on the volatile organic compound profiles of camel milk and its fermented product, shubat. This study analyzed volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in raw camel milk and shubat from six Kazakh farms across all seasons. We found that camel milk displayed higher concentrations of aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols with the main two compounds in milk being acetone and (2-Aziridinylethyl) amine. Conversely, the majority of volatile organic compounds in shubat samples belonged to esters, but the predominant compounds by concentration were ethanol, dimethylamine, propanoic acid, and octanoic acid. Seasonality emerged as the primary driver of variation in milk, with heptanal being the most discriminative compound. Fermented milk showcased regional diversity likely driven by distinct microbial communities. Findings demonstrate the dynamic nature of camel milks aromatic properties, which are influenced by multiple factors that contribute to its distinctive sensory characteristics.
Camel milk , Camel species , Kazakhstan , Shubat , Variability , Volatile organic compounds
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Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Biotechnology Department, 71 Al-Farabi Avenue, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
LLP Scientific and Production Enterprise “Antigen”, 4, Azerbayeva Str, Almaty Region, 040905, Kazakhstan
M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
Departement Sciences de LAgroalimentaire et de La Nutrition INP-EI Purpan, Université de Toulouse, 75, Voie Du TOEC, BP 57611, Cedex 3, Toulouse, F-31076, France
LLP «Kazakh Research Institute for Livestock and Fodder Production», Horse and Camel Breeding Department, 51, Zhandosov Str., Almaty, 50035, Kazakhstan
Center of International Cooperation on Agriculture Research for Development – CIRAD, UMR SELMET, Campus International de Baillarguet, Cedex 5, Montpellier, 34398, France
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
LLP Scientific and Production Enterprise “Antigen”
M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University
Departement Sciences de LAgroalimentaire et de La Nutrition INP-EI Purpan
LLP «Kazakh Research Institute for Livestock and Fodder Production»
Center of International Cooperation on Agriculture Research for Development – CIRAD
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