Impact of Diversified Chemical and Biostimulator Protection on Yield, Health Status, Mycotoxin Level and Economic Profitability in Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivation
Lozowicka B. Iwaniuk P. Konecki R. Kaczynski P. Kuldybayev N. Dutbayev Y.
February 2022MDPI
Agronomy
2022#12Issue 2
Biostimulators with chemical protection are a challenge in sustainable agriculture to obtain high yield, healthy, and pesticide-free wheat. The aim of this four-year spring wheat field experiment was to assess the effectivity of using herbicide, mixed fungicides protection, and a humic biostimulator. The following treatments were tested: biostimulator (S), sulfosulfuron (H), H + S, H + propiconazole + cyproconazole/spiroxamin + tebuconazole + triadimenol (H + F1 + F2), and H + F1 + F2 + S. Evaluations of wheat yield and fungal diseases (Septoria tritici blotch, eyespot, sharp eyespot, Fusarium spp.) were performed using visual and qPCR methods. Thirteen mycotoxins were analyzed by LC–MS/MS. Infestations of six weeds were examined visually. Temperatures and precipitation data of the vegetative seasons were monitored. Precipitation most affected the occurrence of leaf diseases despite the same chemical/biostimulator treatments (up to 48% Septoria tritici blotch severity for the S treatment). The highest mean yield was obtained for H + F1 + F2 + S (5.27 t ha−1), while the lowest level of mycotoxins was obtained for H + F1 + F2 (221.68 µg kg−1). For H + S, a greater reduction of mycotoxins was determined compared to the H treatment (27.18%), as well as a higher severity of eyespot (18%) and sharp eyespot (24%). For H + F1 + F2, the most effective reduction of weed infestation and Fusarium spp. DNA on ears was indicated (19 m−2 and 0.88 pg g−1 DNA, respectively). The greatest saved production value (890€) was determined for H + F1 + F2 + S.
Biostimulator , Fungal diseases , Mycotoxins , Pesticides
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Institute of Plant Protection–National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22 Street, Bialystok, 15-195, Poland
Department of Plant Protection, Kazakh National Agrarian Research University, Abai Avenue 8, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
Institute of Plant Protection–National Research Institute
Department of Plant Protection
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