Effect of work schedule flexibility as a moderator in the relationship between job stress and wellbeing in pharmacy practice
Rehman E. Alotaibi K.A. Rehman S. Ahmad M.
December 2025Nature Research
Scientific Reports
2025#15Issue 1
Hospital pharmacists frequently face significant job stress, adversely impacting their well-being. Work schedule flexibility is often proposed as a potential buffer against job stress, yet its effectiveness among hospital pharmacists remains understudied. This study investigates the moderating effect of work schedule flexibility on the relationship between job stress and well-being among hospital pharmacists in Punjab, Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between September 2023 and January 2024, involving 414 pharmacists working in public hospitals in Punjab province. The study utilized standardized scales to measure well-being, stress levels, and work schedule flexibility among the participants. Bivariate correlation and multiple regression analyses examined the relationships and interaction effects among the study variables. Bivariate correlation analysis revealed a negative association between job stress and well-being, a positive association between work schedule flexibility and well-being, and a negative association between work schedule flexibility and job stress. Multiple regression analysis indicated that work schedule flexibility significantly moderated the relationship between job stress and well-being, with the interaction term showing a significant effect. The findings underscore the importance of work schedule flexibility in mitigating the negative effects of job stress on the well-being of hospital pharmacists. Implementing policies that enhance work schedule flexibility may serve as an effective strategy to improve pharmacists’ well-being and job satisfaction. Further research is needed to explore these dynamics in healthcare settings and among diverse professional groups.
Hospital , Job stress , Pakistan , Pharmacist , Well-being , Work schedule flexibility
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Department of Mathematics, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
College of Education, Department of Psychology, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, Changsha, 410011, China
National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Mental Health Institute of Central South University, Hunan Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Hunan Medical Center for Mental Health, Hunan, Changsha, 410011, China
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Department of Mathematics
College of Education
Department of Psychiatry
National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
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