Nanotherapeutic formulations of enzyme inhibitors targeting cancer and neuroinflammation: An updated review
Liu Y. Thiruvengadam M. Arcot R. Shariati M.A. Edis Z. Chung I.-M. Liu S. Xi Q.
2 November 2025Elsevier B.V.
Industrial Crops and Products
2025#236
With roughly 19.3 million new cases and 10 million deaths from cancer in 2020. Cancer is one of the leading causes of the global increase in mortality rates. Approximately 90 % of cancer fatalities are caused by metastases, which are the hallmark of the spread of cancer throughout the body and are essential for cause-associated mortality. Cancer patients suffer from a high degree of depression, anxiety, and cognitive disorders due to neuroinflammation as one of the major mechanisms. This review presents an update of the well-studied pathways involved in cancer progression and metastasis. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR), rat sarcoma (RAS), WINGLESS-related integration site/β-catenin (WNT/β-catenin), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and Notch pathways are among the signaling pathways implicated in neuroinflammation and cancer. Owing to their multifunctionality and ability to deliver chemotherapeutic agents specifically to tumor sites, nanomedicine has drawn much attention as a means of overcoming the main obstacles in cancer therapy strategies caused by drug resistance, increased tumor heterogeneity, and enhanced systemic toxicity. Enzyme inhibitors, including small molecules, natural phytochemicals, and synthetic compounds, need to specifically target cancer cells to improve their therapeutic benefits, as they possess poor solubility, causing side effects, and low bioavailability. Thus, the development of bioengineered nanoparticles, formulations, and nanovehicles is required to improve therapeutic benefits for patients.
Cancer , Enzyme inhibitors , Nanomedicine , Neuroinflammation , Signaling pathways
Text of the article Перейти на текст статьи
Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning, Shenyang, 110000, China
Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Maharashtra, Pune, 411018, India
Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry, Semey Branch of the Institute, 238 « G»Gagarin Ave, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao Street 36, Liaoning, Shenyang, 110004, China
Department of Pain Medicine
Department of Crop Science
Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College
Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry
Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research
Department of Urology
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026