Effect of Changes in Farm Management on the Yield and Constituents, Microbiological Quality, Somatic Cell Count and Fatty Acid Profile of the Camel Milk

Koç A. Bulca S. Çağlı A. Beyzi S.B. Faye B. Konuspayeva G. Çınar M.U.
March 2025 John Wiley and Sons Inc

Veterinary Medicine and Science
2025 #11 Issue 2

Background: The increasing interest in camel milk (CM) worldwide in recent years has increased the need for studies on the properties of CM, which is relatively less studied than other species. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of changes in farm management on daily milk yield (DMY), milk composition and microbiological quality of CM. Methods: Yearly changes in milk fat (MFC), protein (MPC), ash (MAC), totals solid (TSC) contents, total bacteria (TBC), coliform (CC), yeast and mould (YMC), somatic cell (SCC) counts and fatty acid profile of CM were determined by monthly taken milk samples and analyses. Results: The means of DMY, MFC, MPC, MAC, TSC, TBC, CC, YMC and SCC of milk were 3.53 ± 0.290 kg, 3.80% ± 0.285%, 4.36% ± 0.212%, 0.81% ± 0.013%, 11.95% ± 0.380%, 7.24 × 10⁵ cfu/mL, 1.31 × 10⁵ cfu/mL, 912 cfu/mL and 2.45 × 10⁵ cells/mL, respectively. The effect of the changes (Year 2 vs. Year 1) was statistically significant for MFC, MPC, TSC and Log₁₀TBC (p < 0.05), and significant effects of lactation stage were determined for DMY, MFC, MAC, TSC, Log₁₀TBC and Log₁₀YMC (p < 0.05). The highest fatty acid (FA) amount in CM was found for palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1n9c), stearic (C18:0), myristic (C14:0) and palmitoleic (C16:1) acids with the concentrations of 31.59% ± 0.45%, 21.88% ± 0.81%, 13.43% ± 0.67%, 12.22% ± 0.26% and 12.18% ± 0.34% of fat, respectively. The correlation coefficients of MFC, MPC and TSC with SCFA and MCFA were moderate and negative but with long chain Fas (LCFA) were positive and moderate. Log₁₀SCC was also negatively correlated with total polyunsaturated FAs (PUFA) (−0.414; p < 0.05), SCFA (−0.475; p < 0.01), MCFA (−0.573; p < 0.01) and positively correlated with LCFA (0.588; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Although management causes significant changes in composition, TBC and FA profile, CM has high UFA, low SCFA, high LCFA and better atherogenic index (AI). The high microbiological level at the beginning and middle of lactation and the negative correlation of these traits with milk components reveal that various measures should be taken to improve hygienic conditions to process CM into quality products.

dromedary , long chain fatty acid , milk quality , protein content , sustainability

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Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aydin Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey
Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
UMR SELMET CIRAD-ES, Campus International de Baillarguet, Monpellier, France
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States

Department of Animal Science
Department of Food Engineering
Department of Animal Science
Department of Animal Science
UMR SELMET CIRAD-ES
Department of Biotechnology
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology

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