Dietary risk assessment of children and adults consuming fruit and vegetables with multiple pesticide residues
Jankowska M. Kaczyński P. Hrynko I. Rutkowska E. Iwaniuk P. Ilyasova G. Łozowicka B.
December 2024Elsevier Ltd
Chemosphere
2024#369
Fruit and vegetables are a basic component of the human diet. European pesticide monitoring data indicated recently that in one sample multiple residues were detected which might be a public concern. Thus, the challenge of the present study was to assess the potential dietary exposure of the most critical EU children and adults subpopulations consuming fruit and vegetables. Overall, a total of 1182 samples 333 fruit and 849 vegetable samples from Polish production were monitored for the presence of 550 active substances during 2021–2023. Multiple pesticide occurrence was as follows: 2021–8%; 2022–12%; 2023–10%. In individual sample up to 11 pesticides were simultaneously detected in the range of 0.0052 mg kg−1 (fenpyroximate) – 7.10 mg kg−1 (difenoconazole). The top detected active substance was acetamiprid (neonicotinoid insecticide) and boscalid (carboxamide fungicide). The risk assessment occurring during a single day/meal to 28 detected pesticides was calculated. Acute exposure was low for fruit samples, despite a high frequency of many pesticides, e.g. cherries containing 11 pesticides (i.e. cyantraniliprole 35.5% ARfD for children, lambda-cyhalothrin 73.4% ARfD for adults). In the vegetable group, one dill sample containing not-approved chlorpyrifos could pose a risk to children (120.0% ARfD). Unacceptable risk to childrens health (% ARfD>100) was assessed for a lettuce sample with 9 pesticides, including endocrine disruptors pyrethroids i.e. cypermethrin and deltamethrin. The model based on the worst-case scenario provided a margin for consumer safety. The approach showed that fruit and vegetables with multiple residues could not be considered a serious public health problem.
Dietary exposure , Food safety , Mode of action , Pesticide residues , Public health
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Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Laboratory of Food and Feed Safety, Chelmonskiego 22 Street, Bialystok, 15-195, Poland
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Department of Natural Sciences, Satpayev 2, Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan
Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
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