A state-of-the-art review on green synthesis and modifications of ZnO nanoparticles for organic pollutants decomposition and CO2 conversion
Zango Z.U. Garba A. Shittu F.B. Imam S.S. Haruna A. Zango M.U. Wadi I.A. Bello U. Adamu H. Keshta B.E. Bokov D.O. Baigenzhenov O. Hosseini-Bandegharaei A.
February 2025Elsevier B.V.
Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances
2025#17
Photocatalysis has emerged as a promising technology to tackle the escalating environmental pollution. Zinc oxide (ZnO), by the virtue of its excellent properties, offers immense potential for simultaneous CO2 conversion and organic pollutant degradation. The current review comprehensively scrutinizes the green synthesis routes, modifications, and catalytic applications of ZnO nanoparticles for addressing critical environmental challenges. The review explores various green synthesis methods, emphasizing their eco-friendly nature and potential for imparting specific functionalities to the nanoparticles. Subsequently, it explores a wide range of modification strategies, including bimetallic combinations, integration with carbon-based materials, and hybridization with advanced organic polymers, to enhance the catalytic performance of ZnO. The catalytic efficacy of both pristine and modified ZnO nanoparticles in CO2 conversion is evaluated, along with their in-depth analysis of the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the review extensively covers the exploitation of ZnO-based photocatalysts for the decomposition of diverse organic contaminants, like dyes, pharmaceuticals, phenolic compounds, pesticides, herbicides, PAHs, and PFAS. The mechanisms involved in these degradation processes are elucidated, providing insights into the factors influencing photocatalyst efficiency. This review concludes by highlighting the promising prospects of ZnO nanoparticles as sustainable photocatalysts for environmental remediation and the need for further research to optimize their performance and address practical implementation challenges.
CO2 conversion , Environmental remediation , Green synthesis , Organic pollutants degradation , Photocatalysis , Sustainability , ZnO nanoparticles
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Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Science, Al-Qalam University Katsina, Katsina, 2137, Nigeria
Institute of Semi-Arid Zone Studies, Al-Qalam University Katsina, Katsina, 2137, Nigeria
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Chemistry Unit, School of Applied Sciences and technology, Federal Polytechnic Offa, Kwara state, Nigeria
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Bayero University, Kano State, 3011, Nigeria
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 810107, Nigeria
Department of Civil Engineering, Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, P.M.B., Kano, 3244, Nigeria
Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Basic Science Unit, Alkharj, Alkharj, 16278, Saudi Arabia
Department of Chemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Gubi Campus, Bauchi, 740102, Nigeria
Biofuel and Biochemical Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi, PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, 32610, Malaysia
Department of Environmental Management Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Yelwa Campus, Bauchi, 740272, Nigeria
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, El Gharbia, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation
Institute of Pharmacy Named After A.P. Nelyubin, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 602105, India
Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Punjab, Rajpura, 140401, India
University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Punjab, Mohali, 140413, India
Department of Chemistry
Institute of Semi-Arid Zone Studies
Department of Science Laboratory Technology
Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry
Department of Chemistry
Department of Civil Engineering
Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University
Department of Chemistry
Biofuel and Biochemical Research Group
Department of Environmental Management Technology
Department of Chemistry
Laboratory of Food Chemistry
Institute of Pharmacy Named After A.P. Nelyubin
Department of Metallurgical Engineering
Faculty of Chemistry
Department of Sustainable Engineering
Centre of Research Impact and Outcome
University Centre for Research & Development
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