Impact of Collection Locations and Host Trees on the Bioactive Triterpene Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Four Ganoderma Species: A Chemometric Analysis

Tokul-Ölmez Ö. Kaplaner E. Öztürk M.
September 2025 John Wiley and Sons Inc

Chemistry and Biodiversity
2025 #22 Issue 9

This study investigates the influence of host trees and collection sites on the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of four Ganoderma species, namely, G. lucidum, G. adspersum, G. applanatum, and G. resinaceum. Samples were collected from sweetgum, mulberry, walnut, peach, and plum trees and analyzed using HPLC-DAD. Ten key bioactive compounds, including ergosterol peroxide (1), ganoderic acids (2–8), and phenolics, were identified and quantified. Triterpenes were particularly dominant in G. adspersum collected from fruiting trees. The maceration and soxhlet extraction methods significantly increased triterpene yield. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, and β-carotene-linoleic acid assays. G. applanatum exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging activity (IC₅₀: 5.78 µg/mL), surpassing α-tocopherol (IC₅₀: 10.34 µg/mL). Similarly, G. adspersum performed potent antioxidant activity in all assays comparable to α-tocopherol. PCA and HCA analyses showed that chemical profiles vary by species, host trees, and extraction methods, with fruiting trees enhancing triterpene richness. Moreover, chemometric analyses revealed that triterpene-rich samples from fruiting trees exhibited enhanced antioxidant properties, aligning with elevated levels of ganoderic acids B (4) and G (3). This study underscores the significant role of environmental and methodological factors in determining the bioactive potential of Ganoderma species and highlights the influence of host tree factors on their bioactive profiles.

antioxidant activity , chemometric analyses , extraction methods , ganoderic acids , Ganoderma species , host trees

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Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
Food Analyses Application and Research Center, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Faculty of Science
Food Analyses Application and Research Center
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology

10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель

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