Black-breasted Lapwing Algorithm (BBLA): A Novel Nature-inspired Metaheuristic for Solving Constrained Engineering Optimization
Qawaqneh H. Alomari K.M. Alomari S. Bektemyssova G. Smerat A. Montazeri Z. Dehghani M. Malik O.P. Eguchi K.
31 December 2025Intelligent Network and Systems Society
International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems
2025#18Issue 11581 - 597 pp.
Black-Breasted Lapwing Algorithm (BBLA), a novel metaheuristic optimization method inspired by the adaptive defensive and foraging strategies of the black-breasted lapwing in nature, is presented in this paper. The bird’s behavior—such as deceptive zigzag flights, broken-wing displays, unpredictable movements, and cooperative alerting—is translated into a mathematical framework that balances global exploration and local exploitation without relying on additional control parameters. The algorithm begins with population-based initialization to ensure diverse coverage of the solution space, followed by an exploration phase that mimics the lapwing’s erratic manoeuvrers and group alert signals to escape local optima, and an exploitation phase modelled on its refined defensive tactics for accurate local search and convergence. BBLA’s performance is rigorously assessed on a suite of standard benchmark functions and several constrained engineering design problems, including tension/compression spring, welded beam, and pressure vessel design. Comparative studies with nine advanced metaheuristics demonstrate that BBLA consistently achieves superior results in terms of mean, median, standard deviation, and rank, while also producing stable distributions with minimal variance, as confirmed by boxplot analyses. These findings highlight BBLA’s robustness, reliability, and capacity to address nonlinear, multimodal, and high-dimensional optimization challenges, making it a promising tool for real-world engineering applications.
Black-breasted lapwing algorithm , Engineering design , Exploitation , Exploration , Metaheuristic optimization , Robustness
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Department of Mathematics, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, 11733, Jordan
Faculty of Information Technology, Abu Dhabi University, United Arab Emirates
Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Jadara University, Irbid, 21110, Jordan
Department of Computer Engineering, International Information Technology University, Almaty, 050000, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Educational Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, 19328, Jordan
Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
Centre for Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, 7155713876, Iran
Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, T2N 1N4, AB, Canada
Department of Information Electronics, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Japan
Department of Mathematics
Faculty of Information Technology
Faculty of Science and Information Technology
Department of Computer Engineering
Faculty of Educational Sciences
Department of Biosciences
Centre for Research Impact and Outcome
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Department of Electrical and Software Engineering
Department of Information Electronics
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