Potential of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-redirected immune cells in breast cancer therapies: Recent advances

Nikoo M. Rudiansyah M. Bokov D.O. Jainakbaev N. Suksatan W. Ansari M.J. Thangavelu L. Chupradit S. Zamani A. Adili A. Shomali N. Akbari M.
August 2022 John Wiley and Sons Inc

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
2022 #26 Issue 15 4137 - 4156 pp.

Despite substantial developments in conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, and molecular-targeted therapy, breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Currently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–redirected immune cell therapy has emerged as an innovative immunotherapeutic approach to ameliorate survival rates of breast cancer patients by eliciting cytotoxic activity against cognate tumour-associated antigens expressing tumour cells. As a crucial component of adaptive immunity, T cells and NK cells, as the central innate immune cells, are two types of pivotal candidates for CAR engineering in treating solid malignancies. However, the biological distinctions between NK cells- and T cells lead to differences in cancer immunotherapy outcomes. Likewise, optimal breast cancer removal via CAR-redirected immune cells requires detecting safe target antigens, improving CAR structure for ideal immune cell functions, promoting CAR-redirected immune cells filtration to the tumour microenvironment (TME), and increasing the ability of these engineered cells to persist and retain within the immunosuppressive TME. This review provides a concise overview of breast cancer pathogenesis and its hostile TME. We focus on the CAR-T and CAR-NK cells and discuss their significant differences. Finally, we deliver a summary based on recent advancements in the therapeutic capability of CAR-T and CAR-NK cells in treating breast cancer.

breast cancer , chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) , immunotherapy , natural killer (NK) cells , T cells

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Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat / Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation
Kazakh-Russian National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Shiraz Transplant Center, Abu Ali Sina Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Oncology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Senior Adult Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

Department of Immunology
Division of Nephrology & Hypertension
Institute of Pharmacy
Laboratory of Food Chemistry
Kazakh-Russian National Medical University
Faculty of Nursing
Department of Pharmaceutics
Department of Pharmacology
Department of Occupational Therapy
Shiraz Transplant Center
Department of Oncology
Senior Adult Oncology Department
Department of Immunology

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