Anti-Cancerous Potential of Polysaccharides Derived from Wheat Cell Culture

Murtazina A. Alcala G.R. Jimenez-Martinez Y. Marchal J.A. Tarabayeva A. Bitanova E. McDougall G. Bishimbayeva N. Boulaiz H.
May 2022 MDPI

Pharmaceutics
2022 #14 Issue 5

There is a global need to discover effective anti-cancerous compounds from natural sources. Cultivated wheat cells can be a valuable source of non-toxic or low toxic plant-derived polysaccharides. In this study, we evaluated the anti-cancer ability of seven fractions of wheat cell culture polysaccharides (WCCPSs) in the HCT-116 colon cancer cell line. Almost all (6/7) fractions had an inhibitory effect on the proliferation of colon cancer cells, and two fractions (A-b and A-f) had considerable therapeutic indexes. The WCCPS fractions induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and induced different rates of apoptosis (≤48%). Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed that WCCPS fractions caused apoptotic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, including damage to mitochondria and external morphological signs of apoptosis. In addition, the WCCPSs induced an increase in the levels of Bax, cytochrome c, and caspases 8 and 3, indicating that cell death progressed through intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis. Furthermore, some fractions caused a significant decrease of c-Myc, b-catenin, NFkB2, and HCAM (CD 44) levels, indicating enhanced cell differentiation. Thus, for the first time, our results provide a proof of concept of the anti-cancer capacity of WCCPS fractions in colorectal cancer.

apoptosis , colon cancer cells , cytochrome c , differentiation , electron microscopy , inhibition of proliferation , plant polysaccharides , wheat cell culture

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Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain
Department of General Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Asfendyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, A35B8H9, Kazakhstan
Research Center “Bioscience Technologies”, Almaty, A15G7B0, Kazakhstan
Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, University Hospitals of Granada, University of Granada, Granada, 18012, Spain
Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18012, Spain
Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, 18016, Spain
Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group, Environmental and Biochemical Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, United Kingdom
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, A15E3B4, Kazakhstan

Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER)
Department of General Immunology
Research Center “Bioscience Technologies”
Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA
Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology
Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat)
Plant Biochemistry and Food Quality Group
Department of Biotechnology

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