Biofilm-Enhanced Natural Zeolite Material in Purification Performance for Slaughterhouse Wastewater
Mkilima T. Meiramkulova K. Kydyrbekova A. Bazarbayeva T. Gulnur D. Aknur Z. Shegenbayev A. Nurbolat D. Oshanova G. Gulzhakhan K.
October 2023Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Water (Switzerland)
2023#15Issue 19
This study focuses on evaluating the efficacy of biofilm-enhanced natural zeolite for the purification of slaughterhouse wastewater. The investigation encompasses four distinct treatment methods: employing natural zeolite without biofilm, integrating biofilm into 1–2 mm particle size natural zeolite, enhancing biofilm in less than 4 mm particle size natural zeolite, and introducing biofilm in less than 8 mm particle size natural zeolite. The outcomes underscore the substantial improvement brought about by biofilm incorporation. For instance, within the natural zeolite treatment system without biofilm, the final effluent retained 28 NTU of turbidity. In contrast, utilizing the <8 mm particle size with biofilm resulted in 3.2 NTU of turbidity in the treated effluent, 2.45 NTU for the <4 mm particle size with biofilm, and 1.02 NTU for the 1–2 mm particle size zeolite system with biofilm. Notably, the achieved removal rates were significant, reaching 79.88% for natural zeolite without biofilm, 97.69% for the <8 mm particle size with biofilm, 99.27% for the <4 mm particle size with biofilm, and 98.24% for the 1–2 mm particle size zeolite system with biofilm. It is noteworthy that the removal efficiencies varied from 50 to 100% for wastewater samples subjected to the treatment system without biofilm, 65.7–100% with the <8 mm particle size biofilm, 71.4–100% with the <4 mm particle size biofilm, and 71.7–100% with the 1–2 mm particle size zeolite system biofilm. These findings collectively emphasize the pivotal role of biofilm in enhancing treatment outcomes, presenting a promising avenue for optimizing wastewater treatment efficiency.
biofilm , natural zeolite , slaughterhouse wastewater , wastewater treatment , water quality index
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Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, The University of Dodoma, P.O. Box 259, Dodoma, Tanzania
Research Institute of Environmental and Water Management, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpayev Street 2, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Management, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Satpayev Street 2, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of the UNESCO Chair for Sustainable Development, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi 71, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Department of Water and Land Management, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Aiteke bi Street 29 A, Kyzylorda, 120014, Kazakhstan
Department of Architecture and Construction Production, Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda University, Aiteke bi Street 29 A, Kyzylorda, 120014, Kazakhstan
Department of Biology and Ecology, M. Utemisov West Kazakhstan University, N. Nazarbayev 162, Uralsk, 090000, Kazakhstan
Department of Environmental Engineering and Management
Research Institute of Environmental and Water Management
Department of Management
Department of the UNESCO Chair for Sustainable Development
Department of Water and Land Management
Department of Architecture and Construction Production
Department of Biology and Ecology
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