Production of Chromium–Manganese Ligature from Low-Grade Chromium and Iron–Manganese Ores Using Silicon–Aluminum Alloys as Reductants

Makhambetov Y. Abdulina S. Kabylkanov S. Burumbayev A. Zhakan A. Sadyk Z. Akhmetov A.
October 2025 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)

Processes
2025 #13 Issue 10

This study investigates the production of chromium–manganese ligature by a metallothermic process using complex silicon–aluminum reducing agents. Low-grade chromium and iron–manganese ores from the Kempirsai and Kerege-Tas deposits in Kazakhstan were used as raw materials, while the reducing agents included alumosilicomanganese alloy (AlSiMn) and ferrosilicoaluminum (FeSiAl). Thermodynamic calculations were performed with HSC Chemistry 10 at 1400–1800 °C and reducing agent dosages of 10–100 kg per 100 kg of ore charge. Crucible smelting experiments were then carried out in a Tamman furnace, followed by large-scale laboratory trials in a 100 kVA refining electric furnace to verify reproducibility, with a total of 14 runs. The chemical composition of the ligatures varied depending on the reductant: with AlSiMn the alloy contained Fe—23.14%, Cr—53.74%, Mn—20.03%, and Si—3.06%; with FeSiAl, it contained Fe—42.01%, Cr—25.74%, Mn—27.15%, and Si—5.05%; and with FeSiCr dust, it contained Fe—34.45%, Cr—21.45%, Mn—39.82%, and Si—4.24%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses confirmed the presence of α-(Fe,Cr,Mn), FeSi, and Cr₅Si₃ phases. The results demonstrate the efficiency of complex silicon–aluminum reducing agents and the ability to regulate the composition of chromium–manganese ligatures by the selected reductant.

alumosilicomanganese , chromium–manganese ligature , ferrosilicoaluminum , ferrosilicochrome dust , reductant , temperature , thermodynamics

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Chemical-Metallurgical Institute Named After Zh. Abishev, Karaganda, 100030, Kazakhstan
International School of Engineering, East Kazakhstan Technical University Named After D. Serikbayev, Ust-Kamenogorsk, 070000, Kazakhstan

Chemical-Metallurgical Institute Named After Zh. Abishev
International School of Engineering

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