Does COVID-19 contribute to development of neurological disease?

Mahalakshmi A.M. Ray B. Tuladhar S. Bhat A. Paneyala S. Patteswari D. Sakharkar M.K. Hamdan H. Ojcius D.M. Bolla S.R. Essa M.M. Chidambaram S.B. Qoronfleh M.W.
March 2021 Wiley-Blackwell

Immunity, Inflammation and Disease
2021 #9 Issue 1 48 - 58 pp.

Background: Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated primarily with pneumonia, recent data show that the causative agent of COVID-19, the coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can infect a large number of vital organs beyond the lungs, such as the heart, kidneys, and the brain. Thus, there is evidence showing possible retrograde transmission of the virus from the olfactory epithelium to regions of the brain stem. Methods: This is a literature review article. The research design method is an evidence-based rapid review. The present discourse aim is first to scrutinize and assess the available literature on COVID-19 repercussion on the central nervous system (CNS). Standard literature and database searches were implemented, gathered relevant material, and extracted information was then assessed. Results: The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors being the receptor for the virus, the threat to the central nervous system is expected. Neurons and glial cells express ACE2 receptors in the CNS, and recent studies suggest that activated glial cells contribute to neuroinflammation and the devastating effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the CNS. The SARS-CoV-2-induced immune-mediated demyelinating disease, cerebrovascular damage, neurodegeneration, and depression are some of the neurological complications discussed here. Conclusion: This review correlates present clinical manifestations of COVID-19 patients with possible neurological consequences in the future, thus preparing healthcare providers for possible future consequences of COVID-19.

ACE2 , COVID-19 , glial cells , immune mediated demyelination , memory impairment , neurodegeneration , neuroinflammation , neurological circuits , neurology , SARS-CoV-2

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Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
Center for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (CPT), Central Animal Facility, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
Department of Neurology, JSS Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
Division of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
The Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
Department of Physiology, Al Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, CA, United States
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 020000, Kazakhstan
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
Principal Investigator, Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
Research & Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
Research & Policy Division, Q3CG Research Institute, Ypsilanti, MI, United States

Department of Pharmacology
Center for Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology (CPT)
Department of Neurology
Division of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology
The Drug Discovery and Development Research Group
Department of Physiology
Department of Neuroscience
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Department of Food Science and Nutrition
Principal Investigator
Research & Policy Department
Research & Policy Division

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