Investigation of the Pathogenesis of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus in Indigenous Cattle in Kazakhstan
Kutumbetov L. Ragatova A. Azanbekova M. Myrzakhmetova B. Aldayarov N. Zhugunissov K. Abduraimov Y. Nissanova R. Sarzhigitova A. Kemalova N. Issimov A.
June 2025Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Pathogens
2025#14Issue 6
This study investigates the virulence properties and pathogenetic characteristics of the Kazakhstani strain of LSDV (LSDV KZ-Kostanay-2018) in indigenous cattle under controlled conditions. Twelve non-breed cattle were inoculated intradermally and monitored for clinical, pathological, and immunological responses. Clinical signs, including fever, skin nodules, and lymphadenopathy, emerged as early as day 5 post-infection (pi), with peak severity observed between days 11 and 14. Rapid seroconversion was observed, with 100% of animals showing virus-neutralizing antibodies by day 13. Pathological findings revealed extensive necrosis, thrombosis, and edema, with pronounced damage in the spleen, lungs, and lymph nodes. Histological analyses identified widespread destructive changes in the dermis and systemic tissues, consistent with highly aggressive disease progression. Viral genome and replication were confirmed in blood, skin nodules, and lymph nodes, with peak viral loads between days 11 and 14 pi. These results align with findings in Russian cattle infected with the Saratov/2017 strain but demonstrate more rapid symptom onset and severe pathology, suggesting strain-specific virulence. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of LSDV pathogenesis and underscore the importance of regional adaptations in disease management.
experimental inoculation , Kazakhstan , LSDV , lumpy skin disease
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Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Gvardeiskiy, 080423, Kazakhstan
Department of Veterinary Medicine, A. Baitursynov Kostanay Regional University, Kostanay, 110000, Kazakhstan
Department of Biology, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, 720042, Kyrgyzstan
QazBioPharm National Holding, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Virology, Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute, Almaty, 050016, Kazakhstan
Department of Biology, K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University, Aktobe, 030000, Kazakhstan
Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems
Department of Veterinary Medicine
Department of Biology
QazBioPharm National Holding
Department of Virology
Department of Biology
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