Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution
Kocher A. Papac L. Barquera R. Key F.M. Spyrou M.A. Hübler R. Rohrlach2 A.B. Aron F. Stahl R. Wissgott A. Van Bömme F. Pfefferkorn M. Alissa M. Villalba-Mouco V. Neumann G.U. Rivollat M. Van De Loosdrecht M.S. Majander K. Tukhbatova R.I. Musralina L. Ghalichi A. Penske S. Sabin S. Michel M. Gretzinger J. Nelson E.A. Ferraz T. Nägele K. Parker C. Keller M. Guevara E.K. Feldman M. Eisenmann S. Skourtanioti E. Giffin K. Gnecchi-Ruscone G.A. Friederich S. Schimmenti V. Khartanovich V. Karapetian M.K. Chaplygin M.S. Kufterin V.V. Khokhlov A.A. Chizhevsky A.A. Stashenkov D.A. Kochkina A.F. Tejedor-Rodríguez C. De Lagrán Í.G.-M. Arcusa-Magallón H. Garrido-Pena R. Royo-Guillén J.I. Nováček J. Rottier S. Kacki S. Saintot S. Kaverzneva E. Belinskiy A.B. Velemínský P. Limburský P. Kostka M. Loe L. Popescu E. Clarke R. Lyons A. Mortimer R. Sajantila A. Armas Y.C.D. Godoy S.T.H. Hernández-Zaragoza D.I. Pearson J. Binder D. Lefranc P. Kantorovich A.R. Maslov V.E. Lai L. Zoledziewska M. Beckett J.F. Langová M. Danielisová A. Ingman T. Atiénzar G.G. Ibáñez M.P.D.M. Romero A. Sperduti A. Beckett S. Salter S.J. Zilivinskaya E.D. Vasilev D.V. Heyking K.V. Burger R.L. Salazar L.C. Amkreutz L. Navruzbekov M. Rosenstock E. Alonso-Fernández C. Slavchev V. Kalmykov A.A. Atabiev B.Ch. Batieva E. Calmet M.A. Llamas B. Schultz M. Krauß R. Jiménez-Echevarría J. Francken M. Shnaider S. Knijff P.D. Altena E. Vijver K.V.D. Fehren-Schmitz L. Tung T.A. Lösch S. Dobrovolskaya M. Makarov N. Read C. Twest M.V. Sagona C. Ramsl P.C. Akar M. Yener K.A. Ballestero E.C. Cucca F. Mazzarello V. Utrilla P. Rademaker K. Fernández-Domínguez E. Baird D. Semal P. Márquez-Morfín L. Roksandic M. Steiner H. Salazar-García D.C. Shishlina N. Erdal Y.S. Hallgren F. Boyadzhiev Y. Boyadzhiev K. Küßner M. Sayer D. Onkamo P. Skeates R. Rojo-Guerra M. Buzhilova A. Khussainova E. Djansugurova L.B. Beisenov A.Z. Samashev Z. Massy K. Mannino M. Moiseyev V. Mannermaa K. Balanovsky O. Deguilloux M.-F. Reinhold S. Hansen S. Kitov E.P. Dobeš M. Ernée M. Meller H. Kurt A.W. Prüfer K. Warinner C. Schiffels S. Stockhammer P.W. Bos K. Posth C. Herbig A. Haak W. Krause2 J.
8 October 2021American Association for the Advancement of Science
Science
2021#374Issue 6564
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic.
Text of the article Перейти на текст статьи
Transmission, Max Planck Institute for Science of Human History, Germany
Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Science of Human History, Germany
Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Germany
Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Germany
Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics Group, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Germany
Arc Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
Department of Medicine Ii, Leipzig University Medical Center, Germany
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, United States
Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Pacea Umr 5199, Pessac, France
Institute of Evolutionary Medicine (IEM), University of Zürich, Z rich, 8057, Switzerland
Laboratory of Structural Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Institute of Genetics and Physiology, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
Departmento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, So Paulo, Brazil
Arizona State University School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Tempe Arizona, United States
Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory, Halle, D-06114, Germany
Museo Archeologico Regionale Antonino Salinas, Palermo, 90133, Italy
Peter Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) Ras, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russian Federation
Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Sterlitamak Museum of Local History, Sterlitamak, Russian Federation
Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education, Samara, Russian Federation
Institute of Archaeology Named after A. Kh. Khalikov, Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Russian Federation
Samara Museum for Historical and Regional Studies Named after P. V. Alabin, Samara, Russian Federation
Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, University of Valladolid, Spain
Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain
Private Technical Archaeologist, La Muela, 50196, Spain
Department of Prehistory and Archaeology, Faculty of Philosophy and Letters, Autonomous University of Madrid, Spain
Technical Archaeologist, Government of Aragón, Spain
Thuringian State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology, Germany
Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Germany
Department of Archaeology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
Maison de lOrient et de la Méditerranée, INRAP, Arar Umr 5138, Lyon, France
State Historical Museum, Moscow, Russian Federation
Nasledie Cultural Heritage Unit, Stavropol, 355006, Russian Federation
Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Czech Republic
Institute of Archaeology of Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
City of Prague Museum, Czech Republic
Oxford Archaeology South, Janus House, Oxford, Osney Mead, OX2 0ES, United Kingdom
Oxford Archaeology East, Bar Hill, Cambridge, CB23 8SQ, United Kingdom
Forensic Medicine Unit, Finnish Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo, Dirección Provincial de Cultura, Matanzas, Cuba
Universidad de Matanzas, Matanzas, Cuba
Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (ENAH), Mexico City, Mexico
Técnicas Genéticas Aplicadas A la Clínica (TGAC), Immunogenetics Unit, Mexico City, Mexico
Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7WZ, United Kingdom
Université Côte dAzur, CNRS, Cepam Umr 7264, Nice, France
Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Archim de Umr 7044, Strasbourg, France
Department of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119192, Russian Federation
Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117292, Russian Federation
Department of Anthropology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica-CNR, Monserrato, Italy
Private Contractor, Sardinia, Cagliari, Italy
Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations, Koç University, Istanbul, 34433, Turkey
Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH), University of Alicante, Alicante, 03690, Spain
Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 03690, Spain
Bioarchaeology Service, Museum of Civilizations, Rome, Italy
Dipartimento Asia Africa e Mediterraneo, Università di Napoli lOrientale, Napoli, Italy
Sedgeford Historical and Archaeological Research Project, Old Village Hall, Hunstanton, Sedgeford, PE36 5LS, United Kingdom
Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
Cranfield Forensic Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
Astrakhan State University, Astrakhan, Russian Federation
State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy, Germany
Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, 06511, CT, United States
National Museum of Antiquities, 2301 EC Leiden, Netherlands
Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
Einstein Center Chronoi, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
Cronos S.C. Arqueolog a y Patrimonio, Burgos, Spain
Regional Historical Museum Varna, Varna, BG-9000, Bulgaria
Institute for Caucasus Archaeology, Republic Kabardino-Balkaria, Nalchik, 361401, Russian Federation
Azov History, Archaeology and Palaeontology Museum-Reserve, Azov, 346780, Russian Federation
Museo de Sitio Pucllana, s/n Miraflores, 18, Lima, Peru
Australian Centre for Ancient Dna, School of Biological Sciences and Environment Institute, Adelaide University, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, ACT, Australia
Institute of Anatomy and Embryology, University Medical School Göttingen, Germany
Institute of Biology, University of Hildeshein, Germany
Institute for Prehistory, University of Tübingen, Germany
State Office for Cultural Heritage Baden-Württemberg, Germany
ArchaeoZoology in Siberia and Central Asia-ZooSCAn, CNRS-IAET Sb Ras International Research Laboratory, Novosibirsk, IRL 2013, Russian Federation
Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333 ZC, Netherlands
Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium
Center for Archaeological Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium
Dienst Archeologie-Stad Mechelen, Belgium
Department of Anthropology, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, 95064, CA, United States
Ucsc Genomics Institute, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, United States
Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, 37235, TN, United States
Department of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Institute of Technology Sligo, Applied Archaeology School of Science, Ireland
School of Historical and Philosophical Studies, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
Institute of Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology, University of Vienna, Austria
Department of Archaeology, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Alahan-Antakya, Hatay, 31060, Turkey
Institute for Study of Ancient World (ISAW), New York University, New York, 10028, NY, United States
Territorial Service of Culture and Tourism from Valladolid, Castilla y León Regional Government, C/ San Lorenzo, 5, Valladolid, Spain
Department of History, Geography and Comunication, University of Burgos, Paseo de Comendadores, s/n 09001 Burgos, Burgos, Spain
Ipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universit di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
P3A Dga Research Group, University of Zaragoza, rea de Prehistoria, IPH, C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48824, MI, United States
Osteology Laboratory, Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (ENAH), Mexico City, Mexico
Caribbean Research Institute, Univeristy of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
Dfg Center for Advanced Studies Words, University of Tübingen, Germany
South Tyrol Provincial Heritage Service, South Tyrol, Italy
Grupo de Investigación en Prehistoria IT-1223-19 (UPV-EHU), IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Vitoria, Spain
Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat de València, Arqueologia i Hist ria Antiga, Val ncia, Spain
Department of Geological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Department of Anthropology, Human_G Laboratory, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
Cultural Heritage Foundation, V ster s, 722 12, Sweden
National Archaeological Institute with Museum at Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1000, Bulgaria
School of Natural Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, 20500, Finland
Institute of Archaeology Named after A. Kh. Margulan, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Branch of Institute of Archaeology Named after A.Kh. Margulan, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve Berel, Katon-Karagay District, East Kazakhstan Region, Kazakhstan
Institut fur Vor- und Fruhgeschichtliche Archaologie und Provinzialromische Archaologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
Department of Archeology and Heritage Studies, Aarhus University, H jbjerg, 8270, Denmark
Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
Department of Cultures, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
Biobank of North Eurasia, Moscow, Russian Federation
Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
Eurasia Department, German Archaeological Institute, Germany
Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, Krems-Stein, A - 3500, Austria
Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Spalenring 145, Basel, CH-4055, Switzerland
Department of Biomedical Engineering (DBE), Universitätsspital Basel (HFZ), Allschwil, CH-4123, Switzerland
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, United States
School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, SA, Australia
European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Germany
Transmission
Department of Archaeogenetics
Department of Archaeogenetics
Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology
Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics Group
Arc Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers
Department of Medicine Ii
Department of Genetics
Department of Human Evolutionary Biology
Institute of Evolutionary Biology
Université de Bordeaux
Institute of Evolutionary Medicine (IEM)
Laboratory of Structural Biology
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Institute of Genetics and Physiology
Departmento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva
Arizona State University School of Human Evolution and Social Change
Estonian Biocentre
Department of Forensic Medicine
State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology Saxony-Anhalt and State Museum of Prehistory
Museo Archeologico Regionale Antonino Salinas
Peter Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) Ras
Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology
Sterlitamak Museum of Local History
Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology
Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education
Institute of Archaeology Named after A. Kh. Khalikov
Samara Museum for Historical and Regional Studies Named after P. V. Alabin
Department of Prehistory and Archaeology
Department of Prehistory and Archaeology
Private Technical Archaeologist
Department of Prehistory and Archaeology
Technical Archaeologist
Thuringian State Office for Heritage Management and Archaeology
Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology
Department of Archaeology
Maison de lOrient et de la Méditerranée
State Historical Museum
Nasledie Cultural Heritage Unit
Department of Anthropology
Institute of Archaeology of Czech Academy of Sciences
City of Prague Museum
Oxford Archaeology South
Oxford Archaeology East
Forensic Medicine Unit
Department of Anthropology
Grupo de Investigación y Desarrollo
Universidad de Matanzas
Molecular Genetics Laboratory
Técnicas Genéticas Aplicadas A la Clínica (TGAC)
Department of Archaeology
Université Côte dAzur
Université de Strasbourg
Department of Archaeology
Institute of Archaeology
Department of Anthropology
Department of Anthropology
Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica-CNR
Private Contractor
Research Center for Anatolian Civilizations
Institute for Research in Archaeology and Historical Heritage (INAPH)
Departamento de Biotecnología
Bioarchaeology Service
Dipartimento Asia Africa e Mediterraneo
Sedgeford Historical and Archaeological Research Project
Melbourne Dental School
Cranfield Forensic Institute
Department of Veterinary Medicine
Astrakhan State University
State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy
Department of Anthropology
National Museum of Antiquities
Institute of History
Einstein Center Chronoi
Cronos S.C. Arqueolog a y Patrimonio
Regional Historical Museum Varna
Institute for Caucasus Archaeology
Azov History
Museo de Sitio Pucllana
Australian Centre for Ancient Dna
Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage (CABAH)
National Centre for Indigenous Genomics
Institute of Anatomy and Embryology
Institute of Biology
Institute for Prehistory
State Office for Cultural Heritage Baden-Württemberg
ArchaeoZoology in Siberia and Central Asia-ZooSCAn
Department of Human Genetics
Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences
Center for Archaeological Sciences
Dienst Archeologie-Stad Mechelen
Department of Anthropology
Ucsc Genomics Institute
Department of Anthropology
Department of Physical Anthropology
Institute of Technology Sligo
School of Historical and Philosophical Studies
Institute of Prehistoric and Historical Archaeology
Department of Archaeology
Institute for Study of Ancient World (ISAW)
Territorial Service of Culture and Tourism from Valladolid
Department of History
Ipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
P3A Dga Research Group
Department of Anthropology
Osteology Laboratory
Caribbean Research Institute
Dfg Center for Advanced Studies Words
South Tyrol Provincial Heritage Service
Grupo de Investigación en Prehistoria IT-1223-19 (UPV-EHU)
Departament de Prehistòria
Department of Geological Sciences
Department of Anthropology
Cultural Heritage Foundation
National Archaeological Institute with Museum at Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
School of Natural Sciences
Department of Biosciences
Department of Biology
Institute of Archaeology Named after A. Kh. Margulan
Branch of Institute of Archaeology Named after A.Kh. Margulan
State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve Berel
Institut fur Vor- und Fruhgeschichtliche Archaologie und Provinzialromische Archaologie
Department of Archeology and Heritage Studies
Department of Human Evolution
Department of Cultures
Research Centre for Medical Genetics
Biobank of North Eurasia
Vavilov Institute of General Genetics
Eurasia Department
Center of Natural and Cultural Human History
Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science
Department of Biomedical Engineering (DBE)
Department of Anthropology
School of Biological Sciences
European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC)
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026