Secondary metabolite contents and antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts reveal genetic variability of Vernonia amygdalina and Vernonia calvoana morphotypes
Dumas N.G.E. Anderson N.T.Y. Godswill N.-N. Thiruvengadam M. Ana-Maria G. Ramona P. Crisan G.C. Laurian V. Shariati M.A. Tokhtarov Z. Emmanuel Y.
August 2021John Wiley and Sons Inc
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry
2021#68Issue 4938 - 947 pp.
Vernonia species (Asteraceae) are indigenous medicinal and food leaf vegetables commonly consumed in some African countries like Cameroon where they constitute a staple dish called “ndolé.” Previous studies have demonstrated the nutritional importance of Vernonia, but there is little knowledge of their agronomic value and genetic potentials. Wide genetic variability in the genus has been established earlier through the study of its pollen. However, to the best of our understanding, no such study has been undertaken on the genetic variability of Vernonia with respect to its secondary metabolites. This study was therefore aimed at evaluating the genetic variability of Vernonia amygdalina (VAA and VALF) and V. calvoana (VCAB, VCAV, VCSB, and VCSV) morphotypes in 2016 based on secondary metabolite content and antimicrobial properties. This involved phytochemical analysis by HPLC/MS for the detection of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins in leaves from each of the six genotypes. Results showed that all tested genotypes are rich in phenols (18 analyzed), flavonoids, and tannins with, VAA richer in phenols (206.1 ± 3.12 µg/g of dry extract), followed by VCAV (197.9 ± 18.03 µg/g). The lowest level of flavonoid was found in VCSV (81.6 ± 7.21 µg/g), while the highest was from VCAB (132.8 ± 31.5 µg/g). VCSV (56.3 ± 4.08 µg/g) had the lowest level of tannins, while VCAB (97.8 ± 23.8 µg/g) had the highest levels. Assessment of antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts from the six genotypes was done by culture on Mueller Hinton (MH) agar and MH broth agar for bacteria and in Sabouraud dextrose agar and Sabouraud dextrose broth media for fungi, respectively. All morphotypes exhibited inhibitory activity on bacteria except VAA, with isoquercetin characteristic of VCSV. Chemotaxonomic analyses of Vernonia morphotypes highlighted the genetic diversity within species and variability of antimicrobial properties of ethanolic leaf extracts among morphotypes. These results provide baseline data in the valuation of genetic resources and the establishment of improvement programs.
antimicrobial activity , genetic variability , morphotypes , phytochemical analysis , Vernonia spp
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Faculty of Science, Department of Plant Biology, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Luliu Hatieganu” Str. Gheorghe Marinescu, Cluj-Napoca, 400337, Cluj, Romania
Directorate of Research Valorisation and Innovation, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD), Yaounde, Cameroon
Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Luliu Hatieganu” 8, Victor Babes, Cluj-Napoca, 400012, Cluj, Romania
Department of Technology of Food Production, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), Moscow, 109004, Russian Federation
Shakarim State University of Semey, Semey, Kazakhstan
Tissue Culture Laboratory, African Centre for Research on Banana and Plantain (CARBAP), Njombe, Cameroon
Faculty of Science
Department of Organic Chemistry
Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Botany
Directorate of Research Valorisation and Innovation
Department of Crop Science
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics
Department of Technology of Food Production
Shakarim State University of Semey
Tissue Culture Laboratory
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