Global, regional, and national burden of Chagas disease, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023

Cousin E. Nascimento B.R. Whisnant J.L. Zimsen S.R.M. Harris A.A. Machado I.E. Martins-Melo F.R. Demacq C. Perel P. Geissbühler Y. Abbasi M. Abdel-Hameed R. Abdul Aziz J.M. Abedi A. Abramov D. Abu-Gharbieh E. Adegboye O.A. Afzal M.S. Afzal S. Ahmad S. Ahmed A. Akinosoglou K. Al Awaidy S. Ali S.S. Almazan J.U. Alshahrani N.Z. Alvis-Zakzuk N.J. Anvari S. Arab J.P. Arabloo J. Aravkin A A.Y. Areda D. Aregawi B.B. Aremu A. Athari S.S. Babu G.R. Baltatu O.C. Banach M. Barqawi H.J. Bastan M.-M. Behjati J. Belayneh M. Beloukas A. Bhaskar S. Bhattacharjee P. Boppana S.H. Briko N.I. Bustanji Y. Carneiro M. Carvalho F. Cenderadewi M. Chattu V.K. Chaudhary A.A. Ching P.R. Cosma C. Dadras O. Dai X. Darcho S.D. Devegowda D. Diaz D. Dourado P.M.M. Durojaiye O.C. Emar A.R. Ed-Dra A. Efendi F. Ekundayo T.C. Elhadi M. Elshaer M. Fagbamigbe A.F. Foroutan M. Franklin R.C. Fux B. Gautam R.K. Gebregergis M.W. Ghimire S. Gupta H. Hasaballah A.I. Hatam-Nahavandi K. Hay S.I. He J. Ilesanmi O.S. Ilic I.M. Ilic M.D. Jakovljevic M. Jalili M. Joseph N. Kanmodi K.K. Khatab K. KM S. Kulimbet M. Kytö V. Le M.H.N. Le T.T.T. Lee S.W. Lim S.S. Manla Y. Martinez-Guerra B.A. Mekene Meto T. Meles H.N. Mestrovic T. Mokdad A.H. Molina I. Moni M.A. Mubarak R. Mubarik S. Murray C.J.L. Natto Z.S. Nguyen V.T. Niyonsenga J.M.V. Nugen F. Odetokun I.A. Okonji O.C. Ordak M. Orish V.N. Ortiz-Prado E. Ouyahia A. Pando-Robles V. Passera R. Pawar S. Peprah P. Pereira A. Perez Chacon G. Pineiro D.J. Porntaveetus T. Rahim F. Rahman M. Rahmani S. Ramadan M.M. Ramasamy S.K. Rasouli-Saravani A. Rocha H.A.L. Rodriguez J.A.B. Roever L. Roy P. Sabet C.J. Saeed U. Safari M. Saheb Sharif-Askari F. Saheb Sharif-Askari N. Salam N. Salami A.A. Sarkar T. Sarmiento-Suárez R. Shahid S. Shamim M.A. Shannawaz M. Sherchan S.P. Shittu A. Shorofi S.A. Siddig E.E. Singh P. Singh S. Swain C.K. Szarpak L. Tiwari K. Tovani-Palone M.R. Wickramasinghe N.D. Wu S. Yaghoubi S. Yahya G. Yon D.K. Zamora N. Zastrozhin M. Zeariya M.G.M. Zeb J. Zhang H. Zheng J. Mosser J.F. Ribeiro A.L.P.
March 2026 Elsevier Ltd

The Lancet Infectious Diseases
2026 #26 Issue 3 284 - 301 pp.

Background: Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, primarily transmitted by infected bugs, but also through contaminated food, transfusions, congenital transmission, and organ transplantation. Chagas disease has acute and chronic phases; the chronic phase can occur decades after infection, leading to complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and megaviscera. Accurate mortality and morbidity estimates are hindered by under-reporting and misclassification. Comprehensive and updated estimates are needed to improve global assessments of Chagas disease burden. We aim to provide a comprehensive description of global and regional burden of Chagas disease and its trends from 1990 to 2023. Methods: In this systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023, we produced estimates of Chagas disease deaths, years of life lost (YLLs), prevalence, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023 by age and sex. The GBD 2023 estimates supersede previous estimates for all years. For mortality estimates, we fit a cause of death ensemble model to vital registration data. For non-fatal estimates in endemic locations, we did a systematic review of seroprevalence data, defining a confirmed case as a confirmed diagnosis of T cruzi infection by two different positive tests (or a single ELISA or immunochromatographic test). After adjustment for the population at risk, we used a Bayesian compartmental model (DisMod-MR) to produce estimates. For non-endemic locations, we estimated prevalence on the basis of migration patterns and estimated prevalence from endemic countries. Prevalence of acute and chronic sequelae and corresponding disability weights were used to calculate YLDs. Findings: We estimated 10·5 million (95% uncertainty interval 9·4–11·7) Chagas disease prevalent cases in 2023 globally, a 16·1% (12·6–19·2) decrease compared with 1990. The global age-standardised Chagas disease prevalence rate declined by 55·0% (53·8–56·1) from 1990 to 2023, with rates decreasing across all endemic regions. The highest age-standardised Chagas disease prevalence rates in 2023 were in southern Latin America (2485·9 [2249·6–2707·7] per 100 000) and Andean Latin America (2313·8 [2093·7–2570·1] per 100 000). Non-endemic regions experienced notable increases in prevalence due to migration from endemic countries. The age distribution of cases shifted over time, peaking at older ages in 2023 (between age 45 years and 65 years) compared with 1990 (30–45 years). In 2023, there were 352 000 (308 000–398 000) new cases of Chagas disease globally, with the age-standardised rate decreasing by 55·1% (53·4–56·6) since 1990. There were 8420 (7480–9360) deaths globally in 2023. Age-standardised mortality decreased by 72·5% (68·9–75·4) globally from 1990 to 2023. In 2023, the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in tropical Latin America (2·2 [1·9–2·4] per 100 000) and Andean Latin America (0·92 [0·70–1·2] per 100 000). Interpretation: The GBD 2023 Chagas disease estimates are notably higher than previous GBD estimates, reflecting additional data and methodological improvements, and those published by the Pan American Health Organization. Nevertheless, these updated estimates show decreasing prevalence and incidence in endemic countries, highlighting the importance of socioeconomic development, housing conditions, and vector-control policies. Conversely, the increase in prevalence in non-endemic countries, mainly due to migration, requires new strategies for screening, early recognition, and access to care. Although the marked decrease in mortality and YLLs might be due to better access to care at different levels, the shift in age distribution highlights the importance of preparing and funding health systems for caring for older populations with advanced sequelae. Finally, the continuous refinement of data-source quality, including adequate coding and classification, is crucial for the accuracy of global estimates, which can ultimately drive health and social policies. Funding: The Gates Foundation, the World Heart Federation, and Novartis Pharma.

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Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Department of Family Medicine, Mental and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Ouro Preto, Brazil
Campus Fortaleza, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
Global Health Department, Novartis Pharma AG, Sao Paulo, Brazil
World Heart Federation, Geneve, United Kingdom
Evidence Generation, Innovative Medicines Department, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
Infectious and Tropical Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
Basic Science Department, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
Chemistry Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Baxshin Hospital, Baxshin Research Center, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
Department of Emergency Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
Department of Community Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Department of Public Health, Public Health Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
Department of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
Middle East, Eurasia, and Africa Influenza Stakeholders Network, Muscat, Oman
Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Economic Sciences, Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast), Barranquilla, Colombia
National Health Observatory, National Institute of Health, Bogota, Colombia
Regenerative Medicine, Organ Procurement and Transplantation Multi-disciplinary Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
Gastroenterology Department, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
College of Art and Science, Ottawa University, Surprise, AZ, United States
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE), Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, Brazil
Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Polish Mothers Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Department of Public Health, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
National AIDS Reference Center of Southern Greece, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
Global Health Neurology Lab, NSW Brain Clot Bank, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Division of Cerebrovascular Medicine and Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Department of Parasitology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
Department of Public Health, University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Semey Medical University (SMU), Semey, Kazakhstan
Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi, India
Department of Biology, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Division of Infectious Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
Research Center for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Health Statistics and Informatics, Public Health Division, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, WA, Australia
Department of Public Health, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
JSS Medical College Department of Biochemistry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara Academy of Health Education and Research, Mysuru, India
Public Health Intelligence Unit, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
Heart Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Clínica Pró Coração, São Paulo, Brazil
Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
Higher School of Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
Advanced Nursing Department, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia
La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Department of Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria
College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Research Centre for Healthcare and Community, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
College of Medicine, Dentistry and Public Health, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
Department of Pathology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
Department of Pharmacology, IES Institute of Pharmacy, Bhopal, India
Department of Midwifery, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
Research Department, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Melbourne/Darwin, Victoria (VIC), Australia
Department of Zoology and Entomology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
West Africa RCC, Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
UNESCO-TWAS Section of Economic & Social Sciences, Humanities & Arts, The World Academy of Sciences UNESCO-TWAS, Trieste, Italy
Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
Department of Microbiology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
Department of Research, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Office of the Executive Director, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria
College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, OH, United States
Department of Public Health Dentistry, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, India
Research and Publication Activity Division, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Center of Medicine and Public Health, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Clinical Research Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
Heart Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, South Korea
Internal Medicine Department, Eisenhower Health, Palm Desert, CA, United States
Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (Salvador Zubiran National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition), Mexico City, Mexico
Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
International Health Unit Vall dHebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall dHebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
AI & Cyber Futures Institute, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Unit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen), Groningen, Netherlands
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
Tuberculosis Group, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Department of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
Research Department, JFI Consults Ltd, Kigali, Rwanda
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
School of Information, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
Sickle Cell Unit, Ho Teaching Hospital, Ho, Ghana
One Health Global Research Group, Universidad de las Americas (University of the Americas), Quito, Ecuador
Faculty of Medicine, University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria
Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria
Infectious Disease Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
Department of Imaging, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino (AOU City of Health and Science of Turin), Torino, Italy
Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Department of Genetics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
World Heart Federation, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Center of Excellence in Precision Medicine and Digital Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Department of Internal Medicine, Osh State University, Osh, Kyrgyzstan
of Central Asia Research Collaboration Group, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Department of Cardiology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
Department of Immunology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Community Health Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
Department of Clinical Research, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
Department of Labour, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, India
Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
Operational Research Center in Healthcare, Near East University, Nicosia, Turkey
International Center of Medical Sciences Research, Islamabad, Pakistan
Department of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Sharjah Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Department of Food Processing Technology, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Malda, India
Institute for Rare Diseases Research, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Research Centre for Health Sciences (RCHS), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity University, Noida, India
Department of Biology, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, United States
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria
Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
Department of Analytical and Applied Economics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
Department of Clinical Research and Development, LUXMED Group, Warsaw, Poland
Collegium Medicum, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
Department of Community Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
Health Policy and Management Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland (MD), United States
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Department of Cells and Tissues, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
Health Investigation Center, Universidad Católica Boliviana San Pablo, Tarija, Bolivia
San Pablo Catholic University Tarija Bolivia, Tarija, Bolivia
Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
Department of Administration, PGxAI, San Francisco, CA, United States
Department of Public Health, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
Higher Education Archives & Libraries Department, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar, Pakistan
School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
School of global health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Centre of Telehealth, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Department of Health Metrics Sciences
Department of Clinical Medicine
Clinical Hospital
Department of Family Medicine
Campus Fortaleza
Global Health Department
World Heart Federation
Evidence Generation
Infectious and Tropical Research Center
Basic Science Department
Chemistry Department
Komar University of Science and Technology
Baxshin Hospital
Department of Emergency Medicine
Department of Cardiovascular Disease
Clinical Sciences Department
Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy
Menzies School of Health Research
Department of Life Sciences
Department of Community Medicine
Department of Public Health
Department of Health and Biological Sciences
Department of Natural Sciences
Institute of Endemic Diseases
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute
Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases
Department of Communicable Diseases
Middle East
Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology
Department of Medicine
Department of Family and Community Medicine
Department of Economic Sciences
National Health Observatory
Regenerative Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology
Gastroenterology Department
Health Management and Economics Research Center
Department of Applied Mathematics
College of Art and Science
School of Life Sciences
College of Medicine and Health Sciences
Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
Department of Immunology
Department of Population Medicine
College of Medicine
Center of Innovation
Department of Hypertension
Polish Mothers Memorial Hospital Research Institute
Non-communicable Diseases Research Center
School of Medicine
School of Medicine
Department of Public Health
Department of Public Health
Department of Biomedical Sciences
National AIDS Reference Center of Southern Greece
Global Health Neurology Lab
Division of Cerebrovascular Medicine and Neurology
Translational and Clinical Research Institute
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine
Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine
School of Pharmacy
Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences
Department of Parasitology
Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO)
College of Public Health
Department of Public Health
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Department of Community Medicine
Department of Biology
Division of Infectious Diseases
Department of Health Sciences
Research Center for Child Psychiatry
Health Statistics and Informatics
Department of Public Health
JSS Medical College Department of Biochemistry
Public Health Intelligence Unit
Heart Institute
Clínica Pró Coração
Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine
Department of Pediatrics
Higher School of Technology
Advanced Nursing Department
La Trobe University
Department of Microbiology
College of Medicine
Houston Methodist Hospital
Department of Clinical Pathology
Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics
Research Centre for Healthcare and Community
Department of Basic Medical Sciences
Faculty of Medicine
College of Medicine
Department of Pathology
Department of Pharmacology
Department of Midwifery
Research Department
College of Medicine and Public Health
Department of Zoology and Entomology
Department of Parasitology and Mycology
West Africa RCC
Department of Community Medicine
Faculty of Medicine
Faculty of Medical Sciences
UNESCO-TWAS Section of Economic & Social Sciences
Shaanxi University of Technology
Department of Microbiology
Hamadan University of Medical Sciences
Department of Community Medicine
Department of Research
Office of the Executive Director
College of Health
College of Arts and Sciences
Department of Public Health Dentistry
Research and Publication Activity Division
Center of Medicine and Public Health
Clinical Research Center
Heart Center
International Ph.D. Program in Medicine
Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City
Department of Precision Medicine
Internal Medicine Department
Department of Infectious Diseases
Department of Public Health
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences
University Centre Varazdin
International Health Unit Vall dHebron-Drassanes
AI & Cyber Futures Institute
The University of Queensland
PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi
Unit of Pharmacotherapy
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Department of Dental Public Health
Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology
Tuberculosis Group
Department of General Medicine
Research Department
Department of Radiology
School of Information
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine
School of Pharmacy
Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care
Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Sickle Cell Unit
One Health Global Research Group
Faculty of Medicine
Division of Infectious Diseases
Infectious Disease Research Center
Department of Medical Sciences
Department of Imaging
Department of Genetics
Australian Institute of Health Innovation
Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology
Department of Genetics
Kirby Institute
World Heart Federation
Center of Excellence in Precision Medicine and Digital Health
Department of Internal Medicine
of Central Asia Research Collaboration Group
Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development
Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging
Department of Clinical Sciences
Department of Cardiology
Department of Radiology
Department of Immunology
Community Health Department
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Warwick Medical School
Department of Clinical Research
Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine
Department of Labour
Department of Medicine
Operational Research Center in Healthcare
International Center of Medical Sciences Research
Department of Health
Sharjah Institute of Medical Sciences
Department of Biosciences
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Faculty of Dentistry
Department of Food Processing Technology
Institute for Rare Diseases Research
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Research Centre for Health Sciences (RCHS)
Department of Pharmacology
Amity Institute of Public Health
Department of Biology
Department of Environmental Health Sciences
Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine
Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing
Department of Nursing and Health Sciences
Unit of Basic Medical Sciences
Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Department of Radiodiagnosis
Department of Analytical and Applied Economics
Department of Clinical Research and Development
Collegium Medicum
Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals
Department of Community Medicine
Health Policy and Management Department
Department of Basic Medical Sciences
Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Department of Cells and Tissues
Department of Pediatrics
Health Investigation Center
San Pablo Catholic University Tarija Bolivia
Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutical Sciences
Department of Administration
Department of Public Health
Higher Education Archives & Libraries Department
School of Public Health
Department of International Health
School of global health
National Institute of Parasitic Diseases
Department of Internal Medicine
Centre of Telehealth

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