Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries


Cologna V. Mede N.G. Berger S. Besley J. Brick C. Joubert M. Maibach E.W. Mihelj S. Oreskes N. Schäfer M.S. van der Linden S. Abdul Aziz N.I. Abdulsalam S. Shamsi N.A. Aczel B. Adinugroho I. Alabrese E. Aldoh A. Alfano M. Ali I.M. Alsobay M. Altenmüller M. Alvarez R.M. Amoako R. Amollo T. Ansah P. Apriliawati D. Azevedo F. Bajrami A. Bardhan R. Bati K. Bertsou E. Betsch C. Bhatiya A.Y. Bhui R. Białobrzeska O. Bilewicz M. Bouguettaya A. Breeden K. Bret A. Buchel O. Cabrera-Álvarez P. Cagnoli F. Calero Valdez A. Callaghan T. Cases R.K. Çoksan S. Czarnek G. De Peuter S. Debnath R. Delouvée S. Di Stefano L. Díaz-Catalán C. Doell K.C. Dohle S. Douglas K.M. Dries C. Dubrov D. Dzimińska M. Ecker U.K.H. Elbaek C.T. Elsherif M. Enke B. Etienne T.W. Facciani M. Fage-Butler A. Faisal M.Z. Fan X. Farhart C. Feldhaus C. Ferreira M. Feuerriegel S. Fischer H. Freundt J. Friese M. Fuglsang S. Gallyamova A. Garrido-Vásquez P. Garrido Vásquez M.E. Gatua W. Genschow O. Ghasemi O. Gkinopoulos T. Gloor J.L. Goddard E. Gollwitzer M. González-Brambila C. Gordon H. Grigoryev D. Grimshaw G.M. Guenther L. Haarstad H. Harari D. Hawkins L.N. Hensel P. Hernández-Mondragón A.C. Herziger A. Huang G. Huff M. Hurley M. Ibadildin N. Ishibashi M. Islam M.T. Jeddi Y. Jin T. Jones C.A. Jungkunz S. Jurgiel D. Kabdulkair Z. Kao J.-J. Kavassalis S. Kerr J.R. Kitsa M. Klabíková Rábová T. Klein O. Koh H. Koivula A. Kojan L. Komyaginskaya E. König L. Koppel L. Koren Nobre Cavalcante K. Kosachenko A. Kotcher J. Kranz L.S. Krishnan P. Kristiansen S. Krouwel A. Kuppens T. Kyza E.A. Lamm C. Lantian A. Lazić A. Lecuona O. Légal J.-B. Leviston Z. Levy N. Lindkvist A.M. Lits G. Löschel A. López Ortega A. Lopez-Villavicencio C. Lou N.M. Lucas C.H. Lunz-Trujillo K. Marques M.D. Mayer S.J. McKay R. Mercier H. Metag J. Milfont T.L. Miller J.M. Mitkidis P. Monge-Rodríguez F. Motta M. Mudra I. Muršič Z. Namutebi J. Newman E.J. Nitschke J.P. Ntui N.-N.V. Nwogwugwu D. Ostermann T. Otterbring T. Palmer-Hague J. Pantazi M. Pärnamets P. Parra Saiani P. Paruzel-Czachura M. Parzuchowski M. Pavlov Y.G. Pearson A.R. Penner M.A. Pennington C.R. Petkanopoulou K. Petrović M.B. Pfänder J. Pisareva D. Ploszaj A. Poliaková K. Pronizius E. Pypno-Blajda K. Quiñones D.M.A. Räsänen P. Rauchfleisch A. Rebitschek F.G. Refojo Seronero C. Rêgo G. Reynolds J.P. Roche J. Rödder S. Röer J.P. Ross R.M. Ruin I. Santos O. Santos R.R. Schmid P. Schulreich S. Scoggins B. Sharaf A. Sheria Nfundiko J. Shuckburgh E. Six J. Solak N. Späth L. Spruyt B. Standaert O. Stanley S.K. Storms G. Strahm N. Syropoulos S. Szaszi B. Szumowska E. Tanaka M. Teran-Escobar C. Todorova B. Toko A.K. Tokrri R. Toribio-Florez D. Tsakiris M. Tyrala M. Uluğ Ö.M. Uzoma I.C. van Noord J. Varda C. Verheyen S. Vilares I. Vlasceanu M. von Bubnoff A. Walker I. Warwas I. Weber M. Weninger T. Westfal M. Wintterlin F. Wojcik A.D. Xia Z. Xie J. Zegler-Poleska E. Zenklusen A. Zwaan R.A.
April 2025Nature Research

Nature Human Behaviour
2025#9Issue 4713 - 730 pp.

Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists. We interrogated these concerns with a preregistered 68-country survey of 71,922 respondents and found that in most countries, most people trust scientists and agree that scientists should engage more in society and policymaking. We found variations between and within countries, which we explain with individual- and country-level variables, including political orientation. While there is no widespread lack of trust in scientists, we cannot discount the concern that lack of trust in scientists by even a small minority may affect considerations of scientific evidence in policymaking. These findings have implications for scientists and policymakers seeking to maintain and increase trust in scientists.



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Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
Department of Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Institute of Sociology, University Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Department of Advertising + Public Relations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Department of Psychology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Lillehammer, Elverum, Norway
Centre for Research on Evaluation, Science and Technology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
Centre for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
Centre for Research in Communication and Culture, Department of Communication and Media, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Institute of Malaysian and International Studies, National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
School of Collective Intelligence, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
Department of Science & Technology Studies, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
ELTE Institute of Psychology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
School of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
Faculty of Psychology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
Department of Economics, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
Department of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
Department of Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
Leibniz Institute for Psychology, Trier, Germany
Linde Center for Science, Society, and Policy, Division of Humanities and Social Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
Department of Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
Department of Physics, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya
Department of Psychology, Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
National Institute of Science and Technology on Social and Affective Neuroscience, São Paulo, Brazil
Museum of Natural Sciences ‘Sabiha Kasimati’, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
Institute of Political Science, University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
Institute for Planetary Health Behaviour, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
Department of Economics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
Institute of Psychology, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland
Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Computer Science Department, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA, United States
Department of Psychology, Nantes Université, LPPL, Nantes, France
Institute for Sociology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
Department of Scientific and Innovation Culture, Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology, Madrid, Spain
Department of International and Political Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
Institute of Multimedia and Interactive Systems, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
Department of Health Law, Policy, and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
Department of Sociology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
Department of Psychology, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
Network for Economic and Social Trends, Western University, London, ON, Canada
Behavior in Crisis Lab, Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
Department of Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Cambridge Zero, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
LP3C (Psychology Laboratory), Université Rennes 2, Rennes, France
TRANSOC, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, University of Bonn, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
Harding Center for Risk Literacy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
Center for Sociocultural Research, HSE University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Department of Labor and Social Policy, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
School of Psychological Science & Public Policy Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
Department of Management, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
Department of Political Science & Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
a2i Programme of ICT Division and UNDP Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
Department of Political Science and International Relations, Carleton College, Northfield, MN, United States
Faculty of Management and Economics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
LMU Munich School of Management, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
Leibniz Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany
School of Social Work, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Lucerne, Switzerland
Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
Department of Political Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Department of Psychology, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
Institute for Management & Organization, Leuphana University, Lueneburg, Germany
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
UNSW Institute for Climate Risk & Response, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Research Institute for Responsible Innovation, School of Management, University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
Department of Business Administration, Instituto Técnológico Autónomo de México, Mexico City, Mexico
School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
Department of Media and Communication, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
Department of Geography, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Centre for Climate and Energy Transformation, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Faculty of Data and Decision Sciences, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Hixon Center for Climate and the Environment, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, CA, United States
Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politícnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
Department of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
School of Education, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Department of Political Science and International Relations, KIMEP University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Center for Integrated Disaster Information Research, Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Government & Politics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
School of Geography, Planning, and Spatial Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
Institute of Political Science, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
Institute of Political Science and Sociology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
Institute of Psychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
Graduate Institute of Journalism, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Public Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
Institute of Communication Studies and Journalism, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
Department of Political Science and International Relations, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Department of Social Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, University of Bayreuth, Kulmbach, Germany
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Division of Economics, Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
Faculty of Polish and Classical Philology, University of Adam Mickiewicz, Poznań, Poland
Department of Psychology, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Department of Communication Science and Political Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
Department of Communication and Internet Studies, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale, Université Paris Nanterre, Nanterre, France
Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Institut Langage et Communication, University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, La Molina, Peru
Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
Harvard Kennedy School’s Shorenstein Center, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, MA, Boston, Thailand
School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
Institut Jean Nicod, Département d’études cognitives, ENS, EHESS, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
Department of Communication, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
School of Psychological and Social Sciences, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
Office for Quality Assurance, Analyses and Reporting, Project EUTOPIA, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Department of Management and Supply Chain Studies, Nkumba University, Entebbe, Uganda
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
Communication Arts Programme, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
Department of Management, University of Adger, Kristiansand, Norway
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Trinity Western University, Langley, BC, Canada
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
Penn Center for Neuroaesthetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Institute of Medical Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
Department of Psychological Science, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, United States
School of Psychology, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece
Science Studies Laboratory, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Department of Psychology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, São Paulo, Brazil
Department of Social Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble-INP, Grenoble, France
Institute of Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
NOVA Institute of Communication, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
Department of Implementation Research, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Department of Cognitive Psychology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
School of Politics and International Relations, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Independent Researcher, Cairo, Egypt
Département de Sociologie, Université Officielle de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic Congo
Faculté des Sciences Sociales, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu, Democratic Republic Congo
Psychology Department, TED University, Ankara, Turkey
Sociology Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Civil Law, Faculty of Law, University of Tirana, Milto Tutulani, Tirana, Albania
Centre for the Politics of Feelings, University of London, London, United Kingdom
Division of Public Policy, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Falmer, United Kingdom
Molecular Haematology and Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria
School of Arts, Media and Communiation, UCLan Cyprus, Pyla, Cyprus
Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
Faculty of Technology and Bionics, Rhine-Waal University, Kleve, Germany
Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Faculty of Philosophy and Social Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

Department of the History of Science
Department of Communication and Media Research
Department of Environmental Systems Science
Institute of Sociology
Department of Advertising + Public Relations
Department of Psychology
Department of Psychology
Centre for Research on Evaluation
Centre for Climate Change Communication
Centre for Research in Communication and Culture
Department of Psychology
Institute of Malaysian and International Studies
School of Collective Intelligence
Department of Science & Technology Studies
ELTE Institute of Psychology
School of Psychology
Faculty of Psychology
Department of Economics
Department of Philosophy
Department of Biochemistry
Sloan School of Management
Department of Psychology
Leibniz Institute for Psychology
Linde Center for Science
Department of Communication
Department of Physics
Department of Psychology
Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science
National Institute of Science and Technology on Social and Affective Neuroscience
Museum of Natural Sciences ‘Sabiha Kasimati’
Department of Architecture
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Institute of Political Science
Institute for Planetary Health Behaviour
Department of Economics
Institute for Data
Institute of Psychology
Faculty of Psychology
School of Psychology
Computer Science Department
Department of Psychology
Institute for Sociology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences
Department of Scientific and Innovation Culture
Department of International and Political Sciences
Institute of Multimedia and Interactive Systems
Department of Health Law
Department of Sociology
Department of Psychology
Network for Economic and Social Trends
Behavior in Crisis Lab
Department of Psychology
Cambridge Zero
LP3C (Psychology Laboratory)
TRANSOC
Department of Cognition
Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine
School of Psychology
Harding Center for Risk Literacy
Center for Sociocultural Research
Department of Labor and Social Policy
School of Psychological Science & Public Policy Institute
Department of Management
Department of Economics
Department of Political Science & Annenberg School for Communication
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
School of Communication and Culture
a2i Programme of ICT Division and UNDP Bangladesh
Department of Resource Economics and Environmental Sociology
Department of Political Science and International Relations
Faculty of Management and Economics
LMU Munich School of Management
Leibniz Institut für Wissensmedien
School of Social Work
Department of Psychology
Department of Political Science
Department of Psychology
Faculty of Health Sciences
Institute for Management & Organization
School of Psychology
UNSW Institute for Climate Risk & Response
Research Institute for Responsible Innovation
Department of Business Administration
School of Psychology
Department of Media and Communication
Department of Geography
Centre for Climate and Energy Transformation
Faculty of Data and Decision Sciences
Hixon Center for Climate and the Environment
Faculty of Management
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politícnico Nacional
Department of Media and Communication
Department of Psychology
School of Education
Department of Political Science and International Relations
Center for Integrated Disaster Information Research
Department of Government & Politics
Department of Psychology
School of Geography
Institute of Political Science
Institute of Political Science and Sociology
Institute of Psychology
Graduate Institute of Journalism
Department of Public Health
Department of Journalism and Mass Communication
Institute of Communication Studies and Journalism
Center for Social and Cultural Psychology
Department of Political Science and International Relations
Department of Social Research
Faculty of Life Sciences: Food
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology
Division of Economics
Faculty of Polish and Classical Philology
Department of Psychology
Department of Information Science and Media Studies
Department of Communication Science and Political Science
Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences
Department of Communication and Internet Studies
Laboratoire Parisien de Psychologie Sociale
Laboratory for Research of Individual Differences
Department of Psychobiology and Methodology
School of Medicine and Psychology
Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics
Institut Langage et Communication
Departamento de Psicología
Department of Psychology
Harvard Kennedy School’s Shorenstein Center
Network Science Institute
School of Psychology and Public Health
Department of Psychology
Institut Jean Nicod
Department of Communication
School of Psychological and Social Sciences
Department of Political Science and International Relations
Office for Quality Assurance
Department of Management and Supply Chain Studies
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Communication Arts Programme
Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy
Department of Management
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
Department of Clinical Neuroscience
Institute of Psychology
Penn Center for Neuroaesthetics
Institute of Medical Psychology
Department of Psychological Science
School of Psychology
Department of Psychology
Science Studies Laboratory
Department of Psychology
Max Planck Institute for Human Development
Social and Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory
Department of Social Sciences
Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement
Institute of Environmental Health
NOVA Institute of Communication
Department of Implementation Research
Centre for Language Studies
Department of Nutritional Sciences
Department of Cognitive Psychology
School of Politics and International Relations
Independent Researcher
Département de Sociologie
Faculté des Sciences Sociales
Psychology Department
Sociology Department
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience
Faculty of Political Science and Economics
Department of Civil Law
Centre for the Politics of Feelings
Division of Public Policy
School of Psychology
Molecular Haematology and Immunogenetics Laboratory
School of Arts
Department of Psychology
Department of Psychology
Faculty of Technology and Bionics
Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change
Faculty of Philosophy and Social Science
School of Economics and Management
School of Environment

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