Titanium nitride nanoparticles as plasmonic alternatives to gold and silver: Enhancing luminescence and Judd-Ofelt parameters in Tm3+/Nd3+ doped oxyfluorotellurite glass
Asyiqa A.Z.N.F. Yusof N.N. Iskandar S.M. Hisam R. Azlan M.N. Zaid M.H.M. Buitkenov D.B. Magazov N.M. Bulus I. Alqarni A.S.
September 2025Elsevier Ltd
Ceramics International
2025#51Issue 2133916 - 33938 pp.
The low emission cross-section of Tm3+/Nd3+ doped tellurite glass limits their potential in solid-state lasers and fibre optic applications. Here, the tellurite glass composition has been carefully tailored by embedding new potential plasmonic material; titanium nitride nanoparticles (TiN NPs) with different concentrations from 0.0 to 0.5 mol%. Eight distinct absorption bands were evidenced, with notable bands at 467, 526, 583, 687, 794, 877, 1212, and 1691 nm. These correspond to respective transitions of Nd3+ and Tm3+ ions from ground to excited states. The luminescence spectra revealed six bands, with a prominent peak at 650 nm associated with the 1D2→3F2 transition of Tm3+ ions. The Judd-Ofelt analysis yielded parameters in the range of Ω2 (2.98–3.91) × 10−20 cm2, Ω4 (0.74–1.24) × 10−20 cm2, and Ω6 (0.47–0.85) × 10−20 cm2. The spectroscopic quality factors ranged from 0.78 to 2.62. Radiative properties are calculated: Arad (21.61–31.86) s−1, τrad (2.01–2.38) ms and stimulated emission cross-sections (0.01–0.02 × 10−20 cm2). TiN NPs significantly enhanced the red emission of Tm3+ ions attributed to their localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) around 607–622 nm. This highlights the potential of TiN NPs as an alternative sensitiser to silver and gold nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance the emission of Tm3+/Nd3+ doped glass for solid-state laser application operating in the red region.
Judd-Ofelt , Rare-earth , Tellurite glass , Titanium nitride nanoparticles
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School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang, 11800, Malaysia
Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia
Physics Department, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Sultan Idris Education University, Perak, Tanjung Malim, 35900, Malaysia
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Research Center Surface Engineering and Tribology, Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, 070020, Kazakhstan
Protective and Functional Coatings Scientific Center, Daulet Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, 070010, Kazakhstan
Department of Physics, Kaduna State College of Education Gidan Waya, Kafanchan, Nigeria
Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
School of Physics
Faculty of Applied Science
Physics Department
Physics Department
Research Center Surface Engineering and Tribology
Protective and Functional Coatings Scientific Center
Department of Physics
Department of Physics
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