Valorization of castor seed shell waste as lead adsorbent by treatment with hot phosphoric acid: Optimization and evaluation of adsorption properties
Alehegn M. Gonfa G. Vivekanand P.A. Lal B. Baigenzhenov O. Hosseini-Bandegharaei A. Bokov D.O. Baisalova G.
August 2024Elsevier Ltd
Chemosphere
2024#362
Lead is used in many industries such as refining, mining, battery manufacturing, smelting. Releases of lead from these industries is one of the major public health concerns due to widespread persistence in the environment and its resulting poisoning character. In this work, the castor seed shell (CSS) waste was exploited for preparing a beneficial bio-adsorbent for removal of Pb(II) ions from water. The raw CSS was modified with H3PO4 at different acid concentrations, impregnation ratios, activation times, and temperatures. An optimum adsorption capacity was observed for CSS modified with 2 M acid, 5 mL g−1 solid to liquid ratio, treated at 95 °C for 160 min. Exploiting acid modification, the SEM, XRD, and FTIR analyses show some alterations in functional groups and the surface morphology of the biomass. The impacts of physiochemical variables (initial lead ions concentration, pH, adsorbent dose and adsorption time) on the lead removal percentage were investigated, using response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum removal of 72.26% for raw CSS and 97.62% for modified CSS were obtained at an initial lead concentration (50 mg L−1), pH (5.7), adsorption time (123 min) and adsorbent dosage (1.1 g/100 mL). Isothermal and kinetics models were fitted to adsorption equilibrium data and kinetics data for the modified CSS and the adsorption system was evaluated thermodynamically and from the energy point of view. Isothermal scrutinization indicated the mono-layer nature of adsorption, and the kinetics experimental outcomes best fitted with the pseudo-second-order, implying that the interaction of lead ions and hot acid-treated CSS was the rate-controlling phenomenon of process. Overall, results illustrated that the hot acid-treated biomass-based adsorbent can be considered as an alternative bio-adsorbent for removing lead from water media.
Adsorption , Castor seed shell , Lead , Phosphoric acid , Response surface methodology
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Department of Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, 16417, Ethiopia
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, 16417, Ethiopia
Department of Chemistry, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai, 600073, India
Department of Chemistry, Institute of Applied Science and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Satbayev University, 22a Satbaev Str., Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Punjab, Mohali, 140413, India
Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Tamil Nadu, Chennai, 602105, India
Institute of Pharmacy Named After A.P. Nelyubin, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation
Department of Chemistry, L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, 2 Satpayev Street, Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan
Department of Chemical Engineering
Biotechnology and Bioprocess Center of Excellence
Department of Chemistry
Department of Chemistry
Department of Metallurgical Engineering
Faculty of Chemistry
University Centre for Research & Development
Department of Sustainable Engineering
Institute of Pharmacy Named After A.P. Nelyubin
Laboratory of Food Chemistry
Department of Chemistry
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