Running gravitational constant induced dark energy as a solution to σ8 tension

Zhumabek T. Mukhamediya A. Chakrabarty H. Malafarina D.
October 2025 Springer Nature

European Physical Journal C
2025 #85 Issue 10

We consider a modified gravity model with a running gravitational constant coupled to a varying dark energy fluid and test its imprint on the growth of structure in the universe. Using redshift space distortion (RSD) measurement results, we show a tension at the 3σ level between the best fit ΛCDM and the corresponding parameters obtained from the Planck data. Unlike many modified gravity-based solutions that overlook scale dependence and model-specific background evolution, we study this problem in the broadest possible context by incorporating both factors into our investigation. We performed a full perturbation analysis to demonstrate a scale dependence in the growth equation. Fixing the scale to k=0.1h Mpc-1 and introducing a phenomenological functional form for the varying Newton coupling G with only one free parameter, we conduct a likelihood analysis of the RSD selected data. The analysis reveals that the model can bring the tension level within 1σ while maintaining the deviation of G from Newton’s gravitational constant at the fifth order.

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Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Energetic Cosmos Laboratory, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Intelligent Systems, Astana IT University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan

Department of Physics
Energetic Cosmos Laboratory
Department of Intelligent Systems
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

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