Camel Milk-Based Fermented Product “Inullact-Fito” Ameliorates Metabolic and Immunological Disturbances in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes
Zhumabayev U. Nurdinov N. Ishigov I. Pernebekova R. Saruarov Y. Baizakova B. Skenderova A. Ashimbekova B. Tasenova P. Tastemirova A. Baimyrza K. Kozhambekova E.
January 2026Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Diabetology
2026#7Issue 1
Background/Objectives: This study examined the metabolic, oxidative, immunological, and histomorphological effects of the multicomponent fermented biological product derived from camel milk, Inullact-Fito, in comparison to metformin in a rat model of alloxan-induced diabetes resulting from insulin insufficiency. The model was chosen as an experimental system that replicates pancreatic β-cell damage induced by oxidative stress rather than insulin resistance. Methods: Alloxan-induced diabetes was used to evaluate metabolic, oxidative, immunological, and histomorphological alterations. Metformin was utilized as a pharmacological comparator. Blood glucose levels, circulating insulin concentrations, markers of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, immunoglobulin levels, CD4+/CD8+ T cell balance, and pancreatic histostructure were assessed. Results: Alloxan administration led to substantial hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, immunological imbalance, and structural damage to pancreatic tissue. Following therapy with Inullact-Fito, blood glucose levels reduced dramatically (from 21.9 ± 0.22 to 9.85 ± 0.10 mmol/L, p < 0.05), circulating insulin concentrations were largely corrected, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation markers decreased. Immunological evaluation revealed decreased serum immunoglobulin M and IgG levels (p < 0.05) and partial normalization of the CD4+/CD8+ T cell balance. Metformin showed comparative effects; however, its activity in this model is limited by its primary mechanism related to insulin resistance. Conclusions: Overall, the data reveal that Inullact-Fito combines metabolic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory actions under experimental oxidative and metabolic stress conditions. Further research using models of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, as well as long-term clinical trials, is needed to fully evaluate the therapeutic potential, safety profile, and translational importance of this fermented dairy product as a functional nutritional intervention.
alloxan , antioxidant protection , diabetes mellitus , fermented milk bioproduct , islet β-cell damage , lipid peroxidation , pancreatic histostructure disorder , “Inullact-Fito”
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Department of Fundamental Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, 160000, Kazakhstan
Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Clinical Pharmacology, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, 160019, Kazakhstan
Department of Fundamental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, 160000, Kazakhstan
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, 160000, Kazakhstan
Department of Biology, Nazarbayev Intellectual School of Science and Mathematics, Turkestan, 160000, Kazakhstan
Department of Surgery and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkestan, 160000, Kazakhstan
Department of Fundamental Medical Sciences
Department of Pharmacology
Department of Fundamental Sciences
Department of Internal Medicine
Department of Biology
Department of Surgery and Pediatric Dentistry
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