Cybersecurity Solutions for Industrial Internet of Things–Edge Computing Integration: Challenges, Threats, and Future Directions

Zhukabayeva T. Zholshiyeva L. Karabayev N. Khan S. Alnazzawi N.
January 2025 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)

Sensors
2025 #25 Issue 1

This paper provides the complete details of current challenges and solutions in the cybersecurity of cyber-physical systems (CPS) within the context of the IIoT and its integration with edge computing (IIoT–edge computing). We systematically collected and analyzed the relevant literature from the past five years, applying a rigorous methodology to identify key sources. Our study highlights the prevalent IIoT layer attacks, common intrusion methods, and critical threats facing IIoT–edge computing environments. Additionally, we examine various types of cyberattacks targeting CPS, outlining their significant impact on industrial operations. A detailed taxonomy of primary security mechanisms for CPS within IIoT–edge computing is developed, followed by a comparative analysis of our approach against existing research. The findings underscore the widespread vulnerabilities across the IIoT architecture, particularly in relation to DoS, ransomware, malware, and MITM attacks. The review emphasizes the integration of advanced security technologies, including machine learning (ML), federated learning (FL), blockchain, blockchain–ML, deep learning (DL), encryption, cryptography, IT/OT convergence, and digital twins, as essential for enhancing the security and real-time data protection of CPS in IIoT–edge computing. Finally, the paper outlines potential future research directions aimed at advancing cybersecurity in this rapidly evolving domain.

attack , cyber-physical system , edge computing , IIoT

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Department of Information Systems, L.N. Gumilyov, Eurasian National University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
College of Computing and Systems, Abdullah Al Salem University, Kuwait City, 72303, Kuwait
Institute of Computing, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 24000, Pakistan
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Yanbu Industrial College, Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu, Yanbu Industrial City, 41912, Saudi Arabia

Department of Information Systems
College of Computing and Systems
Institute of Computing
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

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