Perovskite Solar Cells Modified with Conjugated Self-Assembled Monolayers at Buried Interfaces

Zhou G. Hashemi F. Ding C. Luo X. Zhang L. Sheibani E. Luo Q. Jumabekov A.N. Österbacka R. Xu B. Ma C.
July 2025 Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)

Nanomaterials
2025 #15 Issue 13

In recent years, inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered widespread attention due to their high compatibility, excellent stability, and potential for low-temperature manufacturing. However, most of the current research has primarily focused on the surface passivation of perovskite. In contrast, the buried interface significantly influences the crystal growth quality of perovskite, but it is difficult to effectively control, leading to relatively slow research progress. To address the issue of poor interfacial contact between the hole transport-layer nickel oxide (NiOX) and the perovskite, we introduced a conjugated self-assembled monolayer (SAM), 4,4′-[(4-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole)triphenylamine)]diphenylacetic acid (XS21), which features triphenylamine dicarboxylate groups. For comparison, we also employed the widely studied phosphonic acid-based SAM, [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl] phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz). A systematic investigation was carried out to evaluate the influence of these SAMs on the performance and stability of inverted PSCs. The results show that both XS21 and MeO-2PACz significantly enhanced the crystallinity of the perovskite layer, reduced defect densities, and suppressed non-radiative recombination. These improvements led to more efficient hole extraction and transport at the buried interface. Consequently, inverted PSCs incorporating XS21 and MeO-2PACz achieved impressive power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 21.43% and 22.43%, respectively, along with marked enhancements in operational stability.

buried interface , perovskite solar cells , power conversion efficiency , self-assembled monolayer , stability

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i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ruoshui Road 398, Suzhou, 215123, China
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, 81746-73441, Iran
Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Faculty of Science and Technology, Åbo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3, Turku, 20500, Finland
Department of Physics, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave. 53, Astana City, 010000, Kazakhstan

i-Lab & Printable Electronics Research Center
School of Materials Science and Engineering
Department of Chemistry
Physics and Center for Functional Materials
Department of Physics

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