Social Stratification of the Population of Kazakh Region in the Process of Integration into the System of the Russian Empire
Zharken A.M. Ilyassova Z.S. Abzhapparova B.Z. Kaliev Z.N.
3 September 2025Cherkas Global University Press
Bylye Gody
2025#20Issue 31530 - 1542 pp.
The article, based on the authors calculation and interpretation of the data of the First General Population Census of the Russian Empire, an array of current statistics, previous historiography and individual archival sources introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, reveals and specifies the social stratification of the population of the Steppe Region and part of Turkestan. The author comes to the conclusion that the final inclusion of the Kazakh region into the Russian Empire required serious political, administrative, economic, legal and social reforms in the vast expanses of the acquired territories. One of the main tasks was the transformation of traditional Kazakh society, the elimination of archaic class division in it, its adaptation to the realities of the society of the Republic of Ingushetia, which itself was in the process of modernization transition to a higher level of development. In the course of the study, it was established that modernization began to influence all strata of society, both among the indigenous population and the migrants. By the beginning of the 20th century the social structure became more differentiated due to the emergence of new strata, i.e. elements reflecting categories of the population united by a social characteristic. The Russian Empire, which itself was experiencing the process of developing capitalist relations, had a huge impact on the modernization of the agrarian society of the Steppe Region, its adaptation to new conditions and gave a significant acceleration to its dynamics and transformation.
Code of Laws of the Russian Empire , General census of the Russian Empire , modernization , reforms of Alexander II , Russian Empire , Social structure , Steppe region , stratification , traditional Kazakh society
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L.N. Gumilyov Eurasion National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Kazakh-Belarusian Scientific and Technical Research Center of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan
L.N. Gumilyov Eurasion National University
Kazakh-Belarusian Scientific and Technical Research Center of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
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