Genomic evidence for the Holocene codispersal of dogs and humans across Eastern Eurasia

Zhang S.-J. Scarsbrook L. Li H. Carmagnini A. Charlton S. Feuerborn T. Boeskorov G. Chen G. Deom J.-M. Dimopoulos E.A. Dobney K. Dong J. Du L. Hansen A.J. Harris A. Hernández-Alonso G. Jia X. Kim A. Li G.-M. Li R. Linderholm A. Outram A. Qiu M. Ren L. Ruan Q. Sala R. Stepanov A. Sun Y. Tabbada K. Thalmann O. Varfolomeev V. Wang L. Wang Q. Wang S. Wei W. Yang Y. Yin J. Zaibert V. Zhang Z. Dong G. Rosengren E. Sinding M.-H.S. Ostrander E.A. Larson G. Ma M. Frantz L.A.F. Wang G.-D.
13 November 2025 American Association for the Advancement of Science

Science
2025 #390 Issue 6774 735 - 740 pp.

As the first domestic species, dogs likely dispersed with different cultural groups during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed 73 ancient dog genomes, including 17 newly sequenced individuals sampled from east Asia to the West eurasian Steppe spanning nearly 10,000 years. our results indicate correlations between the ancestry of dogs and specific ancient human populations from eastern europe to eastern Siberia, including Ancient Paleo-Siberians, eastern hunter-gatherers, east Asians, and Steppe pastoralists. We also identify multiple shifts in the ancestry of dogs that coincide with specific dispersals of hunter-gatherers, farmers, and pastoralists. Combined, our results reveal the long-term and integral role that dogs played in a multitude of human societies. Copyright

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State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals and Genome Center of Biodiversity, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan, Kunming, China
Palaeogenomics Group, Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research, History of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
Palaeogenomics and Bio-Archaeology Research Network, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
MOE Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
BioArCh, Department of Archaeology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
Centre for Hologenomics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
Diamond and Precious Metals Geology Institute, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk, Russian Federation
Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Lanzhou, China
Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Department of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
Centre for Geogenetics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
Institute of Environmental Archaeology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Archaeology and History, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
School of History and Culture, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Urumqi, China
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
The Yakut Complex Laboratory of Archeology of the Far North (ArcheoFarN), Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
School of History and Culture, Chifeng University, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Chifeng, China
Buketov Karaganda State University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
Qinghai Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Xining, China
Institute of Archaeology and Steppe Civilizations, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
State Key Laboratory of Loess Science, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, China
School of Geography and Tourism, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, China
Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Lund University Historical Museum, Lund, Sweden
Department of Birds and Mammals, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution and Animal Models
Kunming College of Life Science
Yunnan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals and Genome Center of Biodiversity
Palaeogenomics Group
Palaeogenomics and Bio-Archaeology Research Network
MOE Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems
School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences
BioArCh
Centre for Hologenomics
National Human Genome Research Institute
Diamond and Precious Metals Geology Institute
Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology
Department of Veterinary Medicine
Department of Archaeology
Department of Archaeology
Centre for Geogenetics
Human Evolution
School of Geography
Institute of Environmental Archaeology
Department of Genetics
Department of Anthropology
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resource in Yunnan
Centre for Palaeogenetics
Department of Archaeology and History
School of History and Culture
Xinjiang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography
The Yakut Complex Laboratory of Archeology of the Far North (ArcheoFarN)
School of History and Culture
Buketov Karaganda State University
Qinghai Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology
Institute of Archaeology and Steppe Civilizations
State Key Laboratory of Loess Science
School of Geography and Tourism
Department of Archaeology and Ancient History
Lund University Historical Museum
Department of Birds and Mammals
Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics

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