CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON CENTRAL ASIAN HIGHMOUNTAIN LAKES: THE CASE OF LAKE MARKAKOL (KAZAKHSTAN)
КЛИМАТ ӨЗГЕРУІНІҢ ОРТАЛЫҚ АЗИЯ БИІК ТАУЛЫ КӨЛДЕРІНЕ ӘСЕРІ: МАРҚАКӨЛ КӨЛІНІҢ МЫСАЛЫНДА (ҚАЗАҚСТАН)
ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КЛИМАТА НА ВЫСОКОГОРНЫЕ ОЗЕРА ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ АЗИИ: НА ПРИМЕРЕ ОЗЕРА МАРКАКОЛЬ (КАЗАХСТАН)
Zhadi A. Sherov A. Makhmudova L. Ismukhanova L. Talipova E.
2025National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan
News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Series of Geology and Technical Sciences
2025#2025Issue 573 - 92 pp.
This study examines the long-term impact of climate change on the hydroecological state of Lake Markakol, located in Eastern Kazakhstan. A comprehensive analysis was conducted of air temperature, atmospheric precipitation, ice phenomena, water level, and hydrochemical characteristics. Based on long-term hydrometeorological data (1984-2020), significant trends and patterns in water level, temperature, salinity, and ice regime were identified. Precipitation exhibited pronounced cyclicity with two distinct humidification cycles. The water level of the lake demonstrated periodic fluctuations: a decline was observed between 1943 and 1979, followed by an increase beginning in 2006. The ice regime, serving as a sensitive indicator of climate change, was strongly influenced by variations in temperature and precipitation. Hydrochemical analysis revealed the presence of organic and biogenic substances, as well as elevated concentrations of ammonium and nitrite nitrogen, indicating anthropogenic pollution. The dynamics of organic and biogenic compounds confirmed the intensification of anthropogenic pressure on the lake ecosystem. Despite the relative stability of the main hydrochemical parameters, exceedances of permissible standards for certain compounds were recorded, suggesting potential ecological risks. Results of the Mann-Kendall test showed a statistically significant increase in air temperature (Z = 3.30) at the 99% confidence level. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous hydrological and hydrochemical monitoring to ensure effective water management and sustainable ecosystem development under changing climatic conditions. The study confirms the transformation of the hydrological regime of Lake Markakol under the influence of modern climate change and contributes both to the advancement of scientific knowledge and to the practice of natural resource management.
atmospheric precipitation , climate change , hydrometeorology , ice cover , lake
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Laboratory of Hydrochemistry and Ecotoxicology, JSC Institute of geography and water security, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Tashkent Institute of irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers National Research University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Department meteorology and hydrology, facultu geography and environmental management, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
JSC Institute of geography and water security, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Laboratory of Hydrochemistry and Ecotoxicology
Tashkent Institute of irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers National Research University
Department meteorology and hydrology
JSC Institute of geography and water security
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