Ancient Components and Recent Expansion in the Eurasian Heartland: Insights into the Revised Phylogeny of Y-Chromosomes from Central Asia
Zhabagin M. Wei L.-H. Sabitov Z. Ma P.-C. Sun J. Dyussenova Z. Balanovska E. Li H. Ramankulov Y.
October 2022MDPI
Genes
2022#13Issue 10
In the past two decades, studies of Y chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNPs) and short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) have shed light on the demographic history of Central Asia, the heartland of Eurasia. However, complex patterns of migration and admixture have complicated population genetic studies in Central Asia. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the Y-chromosomes of 187 male individuals from Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uzbek, Karakalpak, Hazara, Karluk, Tajik, Uyghur, Dungan, and Turkmen populations. High diversity and admixture from peripheral areas of Eurasia were observed among the paternal gene pool of these populations. This general pattern can be largely attributed to the activities of ancient people in four periods, including the Neolithic farmers, Indo-Europeans, Turks, and Mongols. Most importantly, we detected the consistent expansion of many minor lineages over the past thousand years, which may correspond directly to the formation of modern populations in these regions. The newly discovered sub-lineages and variants provide a basis for further studies of the contributions of minor lineages to the formation of modern populations in Central Asia.
admixture , Central Asia , paternal lineage , Y-chromosome
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National Center for Biotechnology, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
Social and Human Evolution Laboratory, School of Ethnology and Anthropology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, 010022, China
B&R International Joint Laboratory for Eurasian Anthropology, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
Research Institute for Jochi Ulus Studies, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities, Xingyi, 562400, China
Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, 115552, Russian Federation
MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
National Center for Biotechnology
School of Sciences and Humanities
Social and Human Evolution Laboratory
B&R International Joint Laboratory for Eurasian Anthropology
L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Research Institute for Jochi Ulus Studies
School of Life Sciences
Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities
Research Centre for Medical Genetics
MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology
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