Innate immunomodulatory activity of cedrol, a component of essential oils isolated from juniperus species
Özek G. Schepetkin I.A. Yermagambetova M. Özek T. Kirpotina L.N. Almerekova S.S. Abugalieva S.I. Khlebnikov A.I. Quinn M.T.
December-2 2021MDPI
Molecules
2021#26Issue 24
Little is known about the immunomodulatory activity of essential oils isolated from Juniperus species. Thus, we isolated essential oils from the cones and leaves of eight juniper species found in Montana and in Kazakhstan, including J. horizontalis, J. scopolorum, J. communis, J. seravschanica, J. sabina, J. pseudosabina, J. pseudosabina subsp. turkestanica, and J. sibirica. We report here the chemical composition and innate immunomodulatory activity of these essential oils. Compositional analysis of the 16 samples of Juniper essential oils revealed similarities and differences between our analyses and those previously reported for essential oils from this species. Our studies represent the first analysis of essential oils isolated from the cones of four of these Juniper species. Several essential oil samples contained high levels of cedrol, which was fairly unique to three Juniper species from Kazakhstan. We found that these essential oils and pure (+)‐ cedrol induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in human neutrophils. Furthermore, pretreatment of human neutrophils and N‐formyl peptide receptor 1 and 2 (FPR1 and FPR2) transfected HL60 cells with these essential oils or (+)‐cedrol inhibited agonist‐induced Ca2+ mobilization, suggesting these responses were desensitized by this pretreatment. In support of this conclusion, pretreatment with essential oils from J. seravschanica cones (containing 16.8% cedrol) or pure (+)‐cedrol inhibited human neutrophil chemotaxis to N‐formyl peptide. Finally, reverse pharmacophore mapping predicted several potential kinase targets for cedrol. Thus, our studies have identified cedrol as a novel neutrophil agonist that can desensitize cells to subsequent stimulation by N‐formyl peptide.
Calcium flux , Cedrol , Chemotaxis , Essential oil , Juniperus , Neutrophil , Sesquiterpene
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Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, 26470, Turkey
Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, 59717, MT, United States
Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al‐Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Medicinal Plant, Drug and Scientific Research and Application Center (AUBIBAM), Anadolu University, Eskişehir, 26470, Turkey
Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, 634050, Russian Federation
Department of Pharmacognosy
Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology
Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology
Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology
Medicinal Plant
Kizhner Research Center
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