Procyanidins: Structural Properties, Production Methods, and Modern Applications
Zakharov A.Y. Berillo D. Ng A. Aidarkhanov D.S. Tukesheva A.V. Temirkulova K.M. Tanybayeva A. Mansurov Z.A. Balanay M.P. Pavlenko V.V.
January 2026Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Molecules
2026#31Issue 2
Procyanidins, a class of substances widely distributed in nature, have attracted the attention of the scientific community due to their bioactive properties, especially with regard to human health. This review is based on an extensive examination of peer-reviewed literature, patents, and clinical trial reports published between 2005 and 2025. From an initial pool of more than 300 documents, 283 studies were selected according to criteria of scientific rigor, methodological clarity, and relevance to the research objectives. A literature search was performed using PubMed, PubChem, Google Scholar, Scopus and ResearchGate employing keywords such as Procyanidins, chemical structure, extraction, and health effects. This article provides a comprehensive overview of current methods for obtaining these compounds, which include both natural sources and synthetic approaches. It provides a concise summary of the molecular structure of procyanidins and emphasizes the importance of understanding their conformational features for predicting biological activity. The challenges of establishing correlations between the structural features of procyanidins and their properties are described. In addition, this article explores the many potential applications of these compounds, spanning both biochemistry and the field of design and synthesis of novel materials. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of Procyanidins, focusing on their geometrical conformation analysis through advanced NMR spectroscopy techniques including homonuclear correlation (COSY, TOCSY), heteronuclear one-bond (HSQC, HMQC), multiple-bond (HMBC) experiments, and through-space correlation (NOESY) in conjunction with various extraction methodologies.
extraction methods , procyanidins , procyanidins conformations , review , synthetic methods
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The Institute of Combustion Problems, St. Bogenbai Batyr, 172, Almaty, 0500012, Kazakhstan
Nazarbayev University Research Administration, Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
M. Kozybayev North-Kazakhstan University, International Campus, Pushkin Street, 86, Petropavlovsk, 150000, Kazakhstan
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, al-Farabi Ave., 71, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Department of Chemistry, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, al-Farabi Ave., 71, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Institute of Functional Materials, Nazarbayev Ave., 43, Almaty, 050016, Kazakhstan
Department of Chemistry, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
The Institute of Combustion Problems
Nazarbayev University Research Administration
M. Kozybayev North-Kazakhstan University
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences
Department of Chemistry
Institute of Functional Materials
Department of Chemistry
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