Fig seed oil–enriched Chitosan hydrogels: in vitro antibacterial activity against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and in vivo wound healing evaluation
Yildirim M. Dogan K. Yiğin A. Cimentepe M. Cimentepe Ö.Ö. Amangeldinova M.
January 2026Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Polymer Bulletin
2026#83Issue 1
Wound healing remains a significant challenge; moreover, in recent years, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. Baumannii) classified as a critical-priority pathogen has been isolated from wounds, highlighting the need for alternative, natural treatment strategies. In this study, fig seed oil (FS) loaded chitosan hydrogels (CS) were prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). After confirming in vitro biocompatibility in L929 fibroblast cells, the antibacterial efficacy of these hydrogels against carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii was evaluated using disk diffusion and time-kill assays, and bacterial morphology following treatment was examined by SEM. Subsequently, in vivo wound healing experiments were performed. The synthesized hydrogels remained biocompatible even at the highest dose tested (1.5 mg). FS-loaded CS hydrogels demonstrated strong antibacterial activity, with inhibition‐zone diameters increasing in a dose-dependent manner. SEM images revealed complete disruption of bacterial morphology after treatment. Furthermore, wound healing data indicated that FS was particularly effective: a wound measuring 4.81 cm on day 0 was reduced to 1.24 cm.
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii , Chitosan hydrogel , Drug resistance , Fig seed oil , Wound healing
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Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
Advanced Technology Research and Application Center, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Institute of Genetic and Physiology, Al-Farabi 93, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Harran University, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
Department of Biochemistry
Advanced Technology Research and Application Center
Department of Genetics
Department of Pharmacology
Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology
Institute of Genetic and Physiology
Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology
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