The Land Issue on the Territory of Modern Kazakhstan and Its Reflection in Legislative Documents (1870-1890s)
Земельный вопрос на территории современного Казахстана и его отражение в законодательных документах (1870–1890-е гг.)
Yessetov N.Y. Kortunov A.I.
1 December 2021International Network Center for Fundamental and Applied Research
Bylye Gody
2021#16Issue 41867 - 1876 pp.
The article considers the land issue on the territory of modern Kazakhstan as the most important part of the national policy of Tsarism of the second half of the 19th century. The authors focused on the legislative and regulatory acts of 1870-1890s, which determined the approaches to the regulation of land relations during the indicated period. The reforms of 1867-1868, aimed at the effective management of the Kazakhs and their lands, became the critical stage in all spheres of the life of the Kazakh society. The large part of the region favored the lands distribution and the establishment of peasants-migrants there, which Russia especially needed after the abolition of serfdom in 1861. The interest of the Tsarist Government in such redistribution is also due to the fact that the significant part of these lands were subsequently entered into the state land fund. After analyzing a number of studies and materials, it can be concluded that the main purpose of the Tsarist Governments adoption of the legislative documents on the land issue in the Kazakh region is the withdrawal of land from the Kazakh population for the resettlement of peasants-migrants. The steppe regulationsstrengthened this idea, recognizing all lands as state. At the same time, the Governments land policy was based on the distribution and resettlement of the Kazakhs with the determination of the nomadic places and the transition of nomadic Kazakhs to settled life. In addition, while implementing plans of the resettlement of peasants, the Government had strengthened the legal framework for land distribution, land use and land management of the native, Cossack and planned resettlement population. As a result, the regulatory legal acts adopted by the Tsarist monarchy had finally transferred the Kazakh lands to the ownership of the State. The introduction of new regulations and laws governing land relations and consequently, land management and use on the territory of Kazakh nomads and of peasants-migrants lands, had not only changed the previously existing system of governance of Kazakhs, but also forced them to obey the newly introduced laws. The main purpose of the analyzed regulatory documents was to prevent the land claims of the Kazakhs and secure the right to land use for the local Cossacks. Accordingly, the Government not only regulated the land use of the native population, but also managed it administratively, organizing the population into separate agricultural societies. Copyright
Cossacks , Displaced peasants , Land issue , Land management , Land use , Legislation , Modern territory of kazakhstan , Nomadic kazakhs , Regulatory legal acts , The russian empire
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Aktobe Regional University Named after K. Zhubanov, Kazakhstan
M. Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Russian Federation
Aktobe Regional University Named after K. Zhubanov
M. Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University
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