Water Chemistry, Source Identification, and Health Risk Assessment in Surface Water of the Ural River
Yessenbayeva K. Turdiyeva K. Ramazanova E. Lee W.
12 April 2024American Chemical Society
ACS ES and T Water
2024#4Issue 41620 - 1628 pp.
Health risk assessment of the surface water of the Ural River draws specific interest as the river has been providing recreational sites for many citizens. Therefore, the exposure assessment scenario for most of the investigated sampling sites was based on dermal contact during swimming, with rare cases of direct drinking of the Shagan River water. Results from the swimming path demonstrated that the noncarcinogenic risks were insignificant. In contrast, carcinogenic risks exceeded the threshold values and could have an accumulative effect on the population’s health, with Ni having the most significant contribution (up to 80% of the total cancer risk). Cancer risks remained within the range of 5.39 × 10-7-5.22 × 10-5. SO4, Cl, and Ca were the dominant ions due to natural processes in the water, such as weathering and crystallization. In contrast, principal component analysis (PCA) showed that local enterprises, such as metalworking plants and mines, were potential sources of heavy metal contamination of the river. The study could raise awareness about potential hazards that heavy metals may cause to the health of Kazakhstan citizens, and in the future, this study’s results can be applied to introducing stricter environmental standards for industrial heavy metal emissions.
Central Asian environment , heavy metals , human health risk , source identification , stochastic risk assessment , water basin contamination
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Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
School of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, 63130, MO, United States
Laboratory of Environmental Systems, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department of Chemical and Material Engineering
School of Energy
Laboratory of Environmental Systems
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