Sputnik-V reactogenicity and immunogenicity in the blood and mucosa: a prospective cohort study

Yegorov S. Kadyrova I. Negmetzhanov B. Kolesnikova Y. Kolesnichenko S. Korshukov I. Baiken Y. Matkarimov B. Miller M.S. Hortelano G.H. Babenko D.
December 2022 Nature Research

Scientific Reports
2022 #12 Issue 1

Sputnik-V (Gam-COVID-Vac) is a heterologous, recombinant adenoviral (rAdv) vector-based, COVID-19 vaccine now used in > 70 countries. Yet there is a shortage of data on this vaccines performance in diverse populations. Here, we performed a prospective cohort study to assess the reactogenicity and immunologic outcomes of Sputnik-V vaccination in Kazakhstan. COVID-19-free participants (n = 82 at baseline) were followed at day 21 after Sputnik-V dose 1 (rAd5) and dose 2 (rAd26). Self-reported local and systemic adverse events were captured using questionnaires. Blood and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected to perform SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic and immunologic assays. We observed that most of the reported adverse events were mild-to-moderate injection site or systemic reactions, no severe or potentially life-threatening conditions were reported, and dose 1 appeared to be more reactogenic than dose 2. The seroconversion rate was 97% post-dose 1, remaining the same post-dose 2. The proportion of participants with detectable virus neutralization was 83% post-dose 1, increasing to 98% post-dose 2, with the largest relative increase observed in participants without prior COVID-19 exposure. Dose 1 boosted nasal S-IgG and S-IgA, while the boosting effect of dose 2 on mucosal S-IgG, but not S-IgA, was only observed in subjects without prior COVID-19. Systemically, vaccination reduced serum levels of growth regulated oncogene (GRO), which correlated with an elevation in blood platelet count. Overall, Sputnik-V dose 1 elicited both blood and mucosal SARS-CoV-2 immunity, while the immune boosting effect of dose 2 was minimal. Thus, adjustments to the current vaccine dosing regimen are necessary to optimize immunization efficacy and cost-effectiveness. While Sputnik-V reactogenicity is similar to that of other COVID-19 vaccines, the induced alterations to the GRO/platelet axis warrant investigation of the vaccine’s effects on systemic immunology.

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Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
National Laboratory Astana, Centre for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences
School of Sciences and Humanities
Research Centre
National Laboratory Astana
School of Engineering and Digital Sciences

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