On the Scarcity of Dense Cores (n > 105cm-3) in High-latitude Planck Galactic Cold Clumps


Xu F. Wang K. Liu T. Eden D. Liu X. Juvela M. He J. Johnstone D. Goldsmith P. Garay G. Wu Y. Soam A. Traficante A. Ristorcelli I. Falgarone E. Chen H.-R.V. Hirano N. Doi Y. Kwon W. White G.J. Whitworth A. Sanhueza P. Rawlings M.G. Alina D. Ren Z. Lee C.W. Tatematsu K. Zhang C.-P. Zhou J. Lai S.-P. Ward-Thompson D. Liu S.-Y. Gu Q. Chakali E. Zhu L. Mardones D. Tóth L.V.
1 March 2024American Astronomical Society

Astrophysical Journal Letters
2024#963Issue 1

High-latitude ( > 30°) molecular clouds have virial parameters that exceed 1, but whether these clouds can form stars has not been studied systematically. Using JCMT SCUBA-2 archival data, we surveyed 70 fields that target high-latitude Planck Galactic cold clumps (HLPCs) to find dense cores with density of 105-106 cm-3 and size of <0.1 pc. The sample benefits from both the representativeness of the parent sample and its coverage of the densest clumps at the high column density end (>1 × 1021 cm-2). At an average rms of 15mJybeam-1, we detected Galactic dense cores in only one field, G6.04+36.77 (L183) while also identifying 12 extragalactic objects and two young stellar objects. Compared to the low-latitude clumps, dense cores are scarce in HLPCs. With synthetic observations, the densities of cores are constrained to be nc ≲ 105 cm-3 should they exist in HLPCs. Low-latitude clumps, Taurus clumps, and HLPCs form a sequence where a higher virial parameter corresponds to a lower dense-core detection rate. If HLPCs were affected by the Local Bubble, the scarcity should favor turbulence-inhibited rather than supernova-driven star formation. Studies of the formation mechanism of the L183 molecular cloud are warranted.

High latitude field (737) , Molecular clouds (1072) , Supporting material: figure set, machine-readable table , Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Star formation (1569)

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Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai, 200030, China
Armagh Observatory and Planetarium, College Hill, Armagh, BT61 9DB, United Kingdom
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 396 Yangfangwang, Guandu District, Kunming, 650216, China
Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Las Condes, Santiago, 7591245, Chile
NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, V9E 2E7, BC, Canada
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Elliot Building, Victoria, V8P 5C2, BC, Canada
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91109, CA, United States
Indian Institute of Astrophysics, II Block, Koramangala, Bengaluru, 560034, India
IAPS-INAF, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, Rome, I-00133, Italy
IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 9 Av. du Colonel Roche, BP 44346, Toulouse, cedex 4 31028, France
LPENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Paris, 75005, France
Institute of Astronomy, Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
Department of Earth Science and Astronomy, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
SNU Astronomy Research Center, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, United Kingdom
RAL Space, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan
Astronomical Science Program, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8588, Japan
Gemini Observatory, NSF’s NOIRLab, 670 N. A‘ohōkū Place, Hilo, 96720, HI, United States
East Asian Observatory, 660 N. A‘ohōkū Place, University Park, Hilo, 96720, HI, United States
Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave, 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Rd. A20, Beijing, China
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776 Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34055, South Korea
University of Science and Technology, Korea (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
Nobeyama Radio Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 462-2 Nobeyama, Minamimaki, Minamisaku, Nagano, 384-1305, Japan
National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
Guizhou Radio Astronomical Observatory, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550000, China
XingJiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Radio Astrophysics, Urumqi, 830011, China
Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Rami Reddy Nagar, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam (P.O.), Tirupati, 517 507, India
Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Eötvös Lorànd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary

Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics
Department of Astronomy
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
Armagh Observatory and Planetarium
Department of Physics
Yunnan Observatories
Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy
Departamento de Astronomía
NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics
Department of Physics and Astronomy
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Indian Institute of Astrophysics
IAPS-INAF
IRAP
LPENS
Institute of Astronomy
Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Department of Earth Science and Astronomy
Department of Earth Science Education
SNU Astronomy Research Center
School of Physical Sciences
RAL Space
School of Physics and Astronomy
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Astronomical Science Program
Gemini Observatory
East Asian Observatory
Nazarbayev University
National Astronomical Observatories
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
University of Science and Technology
Nobeyama Radio Observatory
National Astronomical Observatories
Guizhou Radio Astronomical Observatory
XingJiang Astronomical Observatory
Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Radio Astrophysics
Jeremiah Horrocks Institute
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati
Institute of Physics and Astronomy

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