Coaxial electrospun PEG-4000@PVDF composite membranes with intumescent flame retardants: Toward multifunctional fabrics for thermal management and ultra-safe lithium-ion battery separators
Xiao Y. Lin J. Cao Y. Liu X. Wang H. Alshammari S. Shi X. Guo H. Helal M.H. Algadi H. Ren J. Zhumanova N. Akimbayeva N. Toktarbay Z. Huang J. Guo Z.
20 April 2026Chinese Society of Metals
Journal of Materials Science and Technology
2026#251282 - 296 pp.
Phase change materials (PCMs) like PEG-4000 offer high heat storage density and can isothermally store or release energy. However, there are fatal safety problems, such as leakage and flammability during transition, which greatly limit the practical application. To address these issues, coaxial electrospinning was employed to fabricate multifunctional core–shell structured fibers, encapsulating PEG-4000 within a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) shell integrated with halogen-free intumescent flame retardants (IFR). The resulting PEG-4000@PVDF-IFR (PPI) composite fibers exhibit superior thermal stability, shape stability, and flame retardancy. Among them, PPI-3 exhibits a synergistic flame-retardant effect, with a high storage density of 92.26 J g−1 and a V-0 rating in modified UL-94 tests. Compared to PEG-4000, PPI-3 reduces the total heat release (THR) by 51.59 % and increases the char residue from 1.51 % to 15.15 %, significantly enhancing the flame retardancy. The PPI coaxial fiber membrane, featuring a well-designed core–shell structure, combines high porosity, large specific surface area, and superior flexibility, simultaneously enhancing traditional textile comfort and thermal regulation while effectively mitigating thermal runaway risks in lithium-ion batteries. In conclusion, PPI shows considerable potential for application in thermal management applications.
Battery safety , Coaxial electrospinning , Flame-retardant , Phase change materials , Thermal energy storage
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Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering, School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah, 11952, Saudi Arabia
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, 710072, China
Center for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship, Northern Border University, Arar, 73213, Saudi Arabia
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Saudi Arabia
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Kazakh National Womans Teacher Training University, Almaty, 700420, Kazakhstan
Sustainability of Ecology and Bioresources, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
Department of Polymeric Materials and Engineering
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology
Center for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship
Department of Electrical Engineering
Department of Chemistry
Sustainability of Ecology and Bioresources
College of Materials Science and Engineering
Department of Mechanical and Construction Engineering
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