Genomic analysis of 18th-century kazakh individuals and their oral microbiome

White A.E. De-Dios T. Carrión P. Bonora G.L. Llovera L. Cilli E. Lizano E. Khabdulina M.K. Tleugabulov D.T. Olalde I. Marquès-Bonet T. Balloux F. Pettener D. van Dorp L. Luiselli D. Lalueza-Fox C.
December 2021 MDPI

Biology
2021 #10 Issue 12

The Asian Central Steppe, consisting of current-day Kazakhstan and Russia, has acted as a highway for major migrations throughout history. Therefore, describing the genetic composition of past populations in Central Asia holds value to understanding human mobility in this pivotal region. In this study, we analyse paleogenomic data generated from five humans from Kuygenzhar, Kazakhstan. These individuals date to the early to mid-18th century, shortly after the Kazakh Khanate was founded, a union of nomadic tribes of Mongol Golden Horde and Turkic origins. Genomic analysis identifies that these individuals are admixed with varying proportions of East Asian ancestry, indicating a recent admixture event from East Asia. The high amounts of DNA from the anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria Tannerella forsythia, a periodontal pathogen, recovered from their teeth suggest they may have suffered from periodontitis disease. Genomic analysis of this bacterium identified recently evolved virulence and glycosylation genes including the presence of antibiotic resistance genes predating the antibiotic era. This study provides an integrated analysis of individuals with a diet mostly based on meat (mainly horse and lamb), milk, and dairy products and their oral microbiome.

Ancient pathogens , Bacteria , Central Asian steppe , Paleogenomics , Red complex

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Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
Estonian Biocentre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia
ISMEO—International Association for Mediterranean and East Studies, Rome, 00186, Italy
Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
K.A. Akishev Institute of Archaeology, L.N. Gumilev Eurasian National University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
Centro de Investigación “Lascaray” Ikergunea, BIOMICs Research Group, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, 08036, Spain
UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics Evolution & Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126, Italy

Institute of Evolutionary Biology
Estonian Biocentre
ISMEO—International Association for Mediterranean and East Studies
Department of Cultural Heritage
Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont
K.A. Akishev Institute of Archaeology
Centro de Investigación “Lascaray” Ikergunea
Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA)
CNAG-CRG
UCL Genetics Institute
Department of Biological

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