Two-Step Perovskite Solar Cells with > 25% Efficiency: Unveiling the Hidden Bottom Surface of Perovskite Layer
Wang F. Wang T. Sun Y. Liang X. Yang G. Li Q. Li Y. Zhou X. Zhu Q. Ng A. Lin H. Yuan M. Shi Y. Wu T. Hu H.
1 August 2024John Wiley and Sons Inc
Advanced Materials
2024#36Issue 31
While significant efforts in surface engineering have been devoted to the conversion process of lead iodide (PbI2) into perovskite and top surface engineering of perovskite layer with remarkable progress, the exploration of residual PbI2 clusters and the hidden bottom surface on perovskite layer have been limited. In this work, a new strategy involving 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (BMIMAc) ionic liquid (IL) additives is developed and it is found that both the cations and the anions in ILs can interact with the perovskite components, thereby regulating the crystallization process and diminishing the residue PbI2 clusters as well as filling vacancies. The introduction of BMIMAc ILs induces the formation of a uniform porous PbI2 film, facilitating better penetration of the second-step organic salt and fostering a more extensive interaction between PbI2 and the organic salt. Surprisingly, the oversized residual PbI2 clusters at the bottom surface of the perovskite layer completely diminish. In addition, advanced depth analysis techniques including depth-resolved grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and bottom thinning technology are employed for a comprehensive understanding of the reduction in residual PbI2. Leveraging effective PbI2 management and regulation of the perovskite crystallization process, the champion devices achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.06% with long-term stability.
ionic liquid , lead iodide , perovskite solar cells , stability
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Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Shenzhen Polytechnic university, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Shenzhen, 518055, China
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
Electrical and Computer Engineering
College of Chemistry
Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information
Department of Applied Physics
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