Evaluate the impacts of different straw returning rates on soil quality and field environmental sustainability of film mulching or non-mulching farmland in semiarid region
Wang Y. Ji Y. Ma J. Elena M. Assiya A. Ding R. Jia Z. Siddique K.H.M. Liu E. He J. Zhang W. Zhang P.
15 November 2025Academic Press Inc.
Environmental Research
2025#285
Film mulching (FM) has been widely adopted in dryland agriculture to increase crop yields, but its potential long-term impacts on soil health and degradation remain a subject of debate. In contrast, straw returning (SR) has shown promising results in improving soil quality and enhancing economic returns, making it an effective measure to optimize FM practices. This study assessed the effects of varying straw return rates (0, 6, 12, and 18 t ha−1) on soil quality, ecosystem services, and economic benefits in a semiarid region, under both mulched (FM) and non-mulched conditions. Our findings indicate that FM significantly increased maize yields but also led to a depletion of soil nutrients, including organic carbon (−3.7 %) and total nitrogen (−5.8 %), while increasing CO2 emissions (9.9 %). In contrast, SR increased soil nitrogen (11.9 %), organic carbon (6.6 %), and improved both particulate organic carbon (19.2 %) and dissolved organic carbon (37.4 %). Moreover, both FM and SR improved soil enzyme activity (catalase, cellulase, and urease) and enhanced the stability of soil aggregate structure, particularly through the coupling effects of FM and SR. However, this coupling effect also resulted in increased greenhouse gas emissions (CO2: 15.0 %; N2O: 8.1 %), although it reduced the carbon footprint (−22.0 %) and improved economic returns (10,074 yuan ha−1). From the perspective of both environmental sustainability and stable economic returns, we recommend the return of all straw (12 t ha−1) to dryland mulching cropland. To further enhance soil quality, we suggest increasing the amount of straw (18 t ha−1).
Economic benefit , Environmental sustainability , Greenhouse gas emission , Soil quality , Straw returning
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College of Agronomy/State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shaanxi, Yangling, 712100, China
Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University, Kostanay, 110000, Kazakhstan
The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA6001, Australia
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
Crop Research Institute, NingXia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
College of Agronomy/State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production
Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology
Akhmet Baitursynuly Kostanay Regional University
The UWA Institute of Agriculture
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture
Crop Research Institute
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