Dual-Mode Molecular Regulation of Perovskite Crystallization Enables Efficient and Stable FAPbI3 Solar Cells and Modules
Wang S. Zhu Z. Sun X. Chen J. Yang J. Zhang H. Shalenov E.O. Komilov A. Li P. Li G. Song Y. Zhang Y.
6 February 2026John Wiley and Sons Inc
Advanced Materials
2026#38Issue 8
Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are among the most promising photovoltaic technologies, yet their performance is critically constrained by uncontrolled crystallization, which generates suboptimal film morphologies and abundant defects. In this study, diphenyl carbonate (DPC) is introduced as a dual-functional molecular regulator that simultaneously governs nucleation and growth in FAPbI3 films. Through synergistic covalent carbonyl-Pb2+ coordination and non-covalent aromatic π-Pb2+ interactions, DPC promotes controlled PbI2 pre-aggregation to lower the nucleation barrier, while its strong precursor binding retards subsequent crystal growth. This cooperative regulation yields uniform, large-grain perovskite films with markedly reduced defect densities. Consequently, DPC-enabled PSCs achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 26.61% (certified 26.21%), outperforming the control devices (23.65%). Scalable mini-module (14.0 cm2 active area) with DPC achieves a PCE of 21.24%. Furthermore, DPC-modified devices exhibit outstanding stability, retaining over 90% of their initial PCE after 1200 h storage under ISOS-D-3 accelerated aging conditions and after 1100 h of maximum power point tracking following ISOS-L-2 protocols. These findings establish a generalizable molecular strategy for overcoming intrinsic crystallization bottlenecks, advancing perovskite photovoltaics toward efficient, stable, and scalable deployment.
crystallization kinetics regulation , dual-functional coordination , perovskite solar cells , power conversion efficiency
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College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
Department of General Physics, Satbayev University, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
Karshi State Technical University, Karshi, 18100, Uzbekistan
National Research Institute of Renewable Energy Sources of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, 100084, Uzbekistan
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong
Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS), Beijing, 100190, China
College of Chemistry
Department of General Physics
Karshi State Technical University
National Research Institute of Renewable Energy Sources of Uzbekistan
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Key Laboratory of Green Printing
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