Determination of the charge carrier density in organic solar cells: A tutorial

Vollbrecht J. Tokmoldin N. Sun B. Brus V.V. Shoaee S. Neher D.
14 June 2022 American Institute of Physics Inc.

Journal of Applied Physics
2022 #131 Issue 22

The increase in the performance of organic solar cells observed over the past few years has reinvigorated the search for a deeper understanding of the loss and extraction processes in this class of device. A detailed knowledge of the density of free charge carriers under different operating conditions and illumination intensities is a prerequisite to quantify the recombination and extraction dynamics. Differential charging techniques are a promising approach to experimentally obtain the charge carrier density under the aforementioned conditions. In particular, the combination of transient photovoltage and photocurrent as well as impedance and capacitance spectroscopy have been successfully used in past studies to determine the charge carrier density of organic solar cells. In this Tutorial, these experimental techniques will be discussed in detail, highlighting fundamental principles, practical considerations, necessary corrections, advantages, drawbacks, and ultimately their limitations. Relevant references introducing more advanced concepts will be provided as well. Therefore, the present Tutorial might act as an introduction and guideline aimed at new prospective users of these techniques as well as a point of reference for more experienced researchers.

Text of the article Перейти на текст статьи

Disordered Semiconductor Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
Soft Matter Physics and Optoelectronics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, 010000, Kazakhstan
Institut fur Solarenergieforschung GmbH, Am Ohrberg 1, Emmerthal, 31860, Germany

Disordered Semiconductor Optoelectronics
Soft Matter Physics and Optoelectronics
Department of Physics
Institut fur Solarenergieforschung GmbH

10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель

Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026