CONDITIONS FOR ROASTING LOW-GRADE ZINC CONCENTRATES IN A FLUIDIZED BED FURNACE
Vladimirov E.S. Portov A.B. Ushkov L.A. Klassen E.A.
2024Ore and Metals Publishing house
Tsvetnye Metally
2024#2024Issue 1040 - 47 pp.
Roasting of low-grade zinc concentrates in fluidized bed furnaces is accompanied by the formation of cakes and skull on the furnace walls, which reduces its productivity and leads to emergency shutdowns. The existing literature data on the causes and mechanism of cake formation in the fluidized bed are heterogeneous and do not provide a complete picture of the process; in addition, effective methods for combating their formation are not proposed. The conducted study determined the conditions for the formation of cakes in the fluidized bed and showed the mechanism of their formation. It was found that two types of cakes are formed in the fluidized bed during roasting of zinc concentrates: porous whitish cakes with a zinc content corresponding to the concentrate and sulfur at the level of the cinder; dark dense cakes, depleted in zinc, with a sulfur content of up to 5%. The former are located on the furnace bottom or in the bed volume, the latter -on the furnace walls. There is not enough oxygen near the furnace walls, and oxidation occurs in two stages: through the formation of metallic zinc, which sublimates into the gas phase at firing temperatures and thereby depletes the resulting cake. As a result of statistical data processing, a regression equation was obtained that allows, taking into account the furnace operating parameters and the lead content in the roasted concentrate, to estimate the minimum feed rate of blast gases at which cakes are not formed in the fluidized bed. We would like to express special gratitude to T. A. Azekenov, Executive Director for Metallurgy at Kazzinc, and to all employees who participated in the research work.
cake composition , cake formation mechanism , fluidized bed roasting , low-grade zinc concentrates , oxidative roasting , safe operating conditions for an industrial furnace , SEM-EPMA
Text of the article Перейти на текст статьи
Pyrometallurgy Laboratory, Gipronickel Institute LLC, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Pyrometallurgy Laboratory1, Gipronickel Institute LLC, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Kazzinc Ltd., Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
RMC, Kazzinc Ltd., Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
Pyrometallurgy Laboratory
Pyrometallurgy Laboratory1
Kazzinc Ltd.
RMC
10 лет помогаем публиковать статьи Международный издатель
Книга Публикация научной статьи Волощук 2026 Book Publication of a scientific article 2026