Apoptotic cell death in disease—Current understanding of the NCCD 2023

Vitale I. Pietrocola F. Guilbaud E. Aaronson S.A. Abrams J.M. Adam D. Agostini M. Agostinis P. Alnemri E.S. Altucci L. Amelio I. Andrews D.W. Aqeilan R.I. Arama E. Baehrecke E.H. Balachandran S. Bano D. Barlev N.A. Bartek J. Bazan N.G. Becker C. Bernassola F. Bertrand M.J.M. Bianchi M.E. Blagosklonny M.V. Blander J.M. Blandino G. Blomgren K. Borner C. Bortner C.D. Bove P. Boya P. Brenner C. Broz P. Brunner T. Damgaard R.B. Calin G.A. Campanella M. Candi E. Carbone M. Carmona-Gutierrez D. Cecconi F. Chan F.K.-M. Chen G.-Q. Chen Q. Chen Y.H. Cheng E.H. Chipuk J.E. Cidlowski J.A. Ciechanover A. Ciliberto G. Conrad M. Cubillos-Ruiz J.R. Czabotar P.E. D’Angiolella V. Daugaard M. Dawson T.M. Dawson V.L. De Maria R. De Strooper B. Debatin K.-M. Deberardinis R.J. Degterev A. Del Sal G. Deshmukh M. Di Virgilio F. Diederich M. Dixon S.J. Dynlacht B.D. El-Deiry W.S. Elrod J.W. Engeland K. Fimia G.M. Galassi C. Ganini C. Garcia-Saez A.J. Garg A.D. Garrido C. Gavathiotis E. Gerlic M. Ghosh S. Green D.R. Greene L.A. Gronemeyer H. Häcker G. Hajnóczky G. Hardwick J.M. Haupt Y. He S. Heery D.M. Hengartner M.O. Hetz C. Hildeman D.A. Ichijo H. Inoue S. Jäättelä M. Janic A. Joseph B. Jost P.J. Kanneganti T.-D. Karin M. Kashkar H. Kaufmann T. Kelly G.L. Kepp O. Kimchi A. Kitsis R.N. Klionsky D.J. Kluck R. Krysko D.V. Kulms D. Kumar S. Lavandero S. Lavrik I.N. Lemasters J.J. Liccardi G. Linkermann A. Lipton S.A. Lockshin R.A. López-Otín C. Luedde T. MacFarlane M. Madeo F. Malorni W. Manic G. Mantovani R. Marchi S. Marine J.-C. Martin S.J. Martinou J.-C. Mastroberardino P.G. Medema J.P. Mehlen P. Meier P. Melino G. Melino S. Miao E.A. Moll U.M. Muñoz-Pinedo C. Murphy D.J. Niklison-Chirou M.V. Novelli F. Núñez G. Oberst A. Ofengeim D. Opferman J.T. Oren M. Pagano M. Panaretakis T. Pasparakis M. Penninger J.M. Pentimalli F. Pereira D.M. Pervaiz S. Peter M.E. Pinton P. Porta G. Prehn J.H.M. Puthalakath H. Rabinovich G.A. Rajalingam K. Ravichandran K.S. Rehm M. Ricci J.-E. Rizzuto R. Robinson N. Rodrigues C.M.P. Rotblat B. Rothlin C.V. Rubinsztein D.C. Rudel T. Rufini A. Ryan K.M. Sarosiek K.A. Sawa A. Sayan E. Schroder K. Scorrano L. Sesti F. Shao F. Shi Y. Sica G.S. Silke J. Simon H.-U. Sistigu A. Stephanou A. Stockwell B.R. Strapazzon F. Strasser A. Sun L. Sun E. Sun Q. Szabadkai G. Tait S.W.G. Tang D. Tavernarakis N. Troy C.M. Turk B. Urbano N. Vandenabeele P. Vanden Berghe T. Vander Heiden M.G. Vanderluit J.L. Verkhratsky A. Villunger A. von Karstedt S. Voss A.K. Vousden K.H. Vucic D. Vuri D. Wagner E.F. Walczak H. Wallach D. Wang R. Wang Y. Weber A. Wood W. Yamazaki T. Yang H.-T. Zakeri Z. Zawacka-Pankau J.E. Zhang L. Zhang H. Zhivotovsky B. Zhou W. Piacentini M. Kroemer G. Galluzzi L.
May 2023 Springer Nature

Cell Death and Differentiation
2023 #30 Issue 5 1097 - 1154 pp.

Apoptosis is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that involves proteases of the caspase family. Pharmacological and genetic strategies that experimentally inhibit or delay apoptosis in mammalian systems have elucidated the key contribution of this process not only to (post-)embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis, but also to the etiology of multiple human disorders. Consistent with this notion, while defects in the molecular machinery for apoptotic cell death impair organismal development and promote oncogenesis, the unwarranted activation of apoptosis promotes cell loss and tissue damage in the context of various neurological, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, infectious, neoplastic and inflammatory conditions. Here, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) gathered to critically summarize an abundant pre-clinical literature mechanistically linking the core apoptotic apparatus to organismal homeostasis in the context of disease.

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IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo, Torino, Italy
Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO -IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
Institut für Immunologie, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
BIOGEM, Avellino, Italy
Division of Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Lautenberg Center for Immunology & Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
Department of Biomedicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, United States
Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy and Ospedale San Raffaele IRCSS, Milan, Italy
Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
Department of Medicine, Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Medical Faculty, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects métaboliques et systémiques de l’oncogénèse pour de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques, Villejuif, France
Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Vaud, Switzerland
Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, United Kingdom
Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
State Key Lab of Oncogene and its related gene, Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
The Technion-Integrated Cancer Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
Helmholtz Munich, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Neuherberg, Germany
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Institute for Cell Engineering and the Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
VIB Centre for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park-Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University and the Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, United States
Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Molecular Oncology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases ‘L. Spallanzani’ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Biochemistry Laboratory, Dermopatic Institute of Immaculate (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
CECAD, Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
INSERM, UMR, Dijon, 1231, France
Faculty of Medicine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
Anti-cancer Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler school of Medicine, Tel Aviv university, Tel Aviv, Israel
Department of Neurology and Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
Department of Immunology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, U1258, France
Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Pharmacology, Oncology and Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
VITTAIL Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Jiangsu, Suzhou, China
School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
ETH Board, Zurich, Switzerland
Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
Laboratory of Cell Signaling, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
CECAD Research Center, Institute for Molecular Immunology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Lab, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
Department of Dermatology, Experimental Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
Universidad de Chile, Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad Medicina, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States
Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States
St. John’s University, Jamaica, NY, United States
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
Center for Global Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Department of Genetics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
Department of Molecular Genetics, Rotterdam, Netherlands
IFOM-ETS The AIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Apoptosis, Cancer, and Development Laboratory, Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
Department of Pathology and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom
Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
Rare and Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, United States
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, United States
Department of GU Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Bari, Italy
REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Department of Physiology, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
National University Cancer Institute, NUHS, Singapore, Singapore
ISEP, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
Center of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Laboratorio de Glicomedicina. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
Center for Cell Clearance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Department of Life sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
The NIBN, Beer Sheva, Israel
Department of Immunobiology and Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
Microbiology Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
University of Leicester, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom
John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
Department of Systems Biology, Lab of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutics Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
Department of Environmental Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
Johns Hopkins Schizophrenia Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, NJ, United States
National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Jiangsu, Suzhou, China
CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
Department of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
European University Cyprus, School of Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus
Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyogène CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, TX, United States
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Heraklion, Greece
Departments of Pathology & Cell Biology and Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Department of Oncohaematology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
Methusalem Program, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
The Research Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Vienna, Austria
The Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, United States
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland
University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, Zurich, Switzerland
Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Queens College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, United States
Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biophysics and p53 protein biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, United States

IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine
Candiolo Cancer Institute
Department of Biosciences and Nutrition
Department of Radiation Oncology
Department of Oncological Sciences
Department of Cell Biology
Institut für Immunologie
Department of Experimental Medicine
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
VIB Center for Cancer Biology
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Department of Precision Medicine
BIOGEM
Division of Systems Toxicology
Sunnybrook Research Institute
Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Biophysics
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Department of Molecular Genetics
Department of Molecular
Blood Cell Development and Function Program
Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE)
Department of Biomedicine
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics
Danish Cancer Society Research Center
Neuroscience Center of Excellence
Department of Medicine 1
VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research
Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology
Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele
Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
Department of Medicine
Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center
IRCSS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute
Department of Women’s and Children’s Health
Pediatric Hematology and Oncology
Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research
Signal Transduction Laboratory
Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas
Université Paris-Saclay
Department of Immunobiology
Department of Biology
Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine
Department of Translational Molecular Pathology
Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs
Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences
UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research
Department of Biology
Thoracic Oncology
Institute of Molecular Biosciences
Cell Stress and Survival Unit
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore
Department of Immunology
State Key Lab of Oncogene and its related gene
College of Life Sciences
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT)
Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program
Department of Oncological Sciences
The Technion-Integrated Cancer Center
Helmholtz Munich
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research
Department of Medical Biology
Department of Oncology
Department of Urologic Sciences
Institute for Cell Engineering and the Departments of Neurology
VIB Centre for Brain & Disease Research
Department of Neurosciences
The Francis Crick Institute
UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Children’s Medical Center Research Institute
Department of Developmental
Department of Life Sciences
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB)
IFOM ETS
Department of Cell Biology and Physiology
Department of Medical Sciences
College of Pharmacy
Department of Biology
Department of Pathology
Division of Hematology/Oncology
Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Cardiovascular Research Center
Molecular Oncology
Department of Epidemiology
Department of Molecular Medicine
Biochemistry Laboratory
CECAD
INSERM
Faculty of Medicine
Anti-cancer Center Georges-François Leclerc
Department of Biochemistry
Department of Medicine
Albert Einstein Cancer Center
Institute for Aging Research
Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute
Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology
Department of Neurology and Department of Pharmacology
Department of Immunology
Department of Pathology and Cell Biology
Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
Université de Strasbourg
Faculty of Medicine
BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies
MitoCare Center
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology
Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology
VITTAIL Ltd
Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre
Institute of Systems Medicine
Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine
School of Pharmacy
ETH Board
Biomedical Neuroscience Institute
Center for Geroscience
Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell
Buck Institute for Research on Aging
Division of Immunobiology
Laboratory of Cell Signaling
National Cancer Center Research Institute
Cell Death and Metabolism
Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
Department of Medicine and Life Sciences
Institute of Environmental Medicine
Clinical Division of Oncology
Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology
CECAD Research Center
Institute of Pharmacology
Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms
Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers
Department of Cell Biology
Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center
Life Sciences Institute
Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Lab
Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG)
Department of Dermatology
National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden
Centre for Cancer Biology
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
Universidad de Chile
Department of Internal Medicine
Translational Inflammation Research
Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Center for Biochemistry
Division of Nephrology
Biotechnology Center
Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center and Department of Molecular Medicine
Department of Neurosciences
Department of Neurology
Department of Biology
St. John’s University
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular
Department of Gastroenterology
Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit
BioTechMed Graz
Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz
Center for Global Health
Dipartimento di Bioscienze
Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences
Department of Oncology
Department of Genetics
Department of Cell Biology
Department of Molecular Genetics
IFOM-ETS The AIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology
Department of Life
Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology
Oncode Institute
Apoptosis
The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre
Department of Chemical Science and Technologies
Department of Pathology and Stony Brook Cancer Center
Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)
School of Cancer Sciences
Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute
Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology
Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center
Department of Immunology
Rare and Neuroscience Therapeutic Area
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology
Department of Molecular Cell Biology
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
Department of GU Medical Oncology
IMBA
Department of Medical Genetics
Department of Medicine and Surgery
REQUIMTE/LAQV
Department of Physiology
NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR)
National University Cancer Institute
ISEP
Department of Medicine
Center of Genomic Medicine
Department of Physiology and Medical Physics
Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry
Laboratorio de Glicomedicina. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)
Cell Biology Unit
Division of Immunobiology
Center for Cell Clearance
Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology
Université Côte d’Azur
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa)
Department of Life sciences
The NIBN
Department of Immunobiology and Department of Pharmacology
Department of Medical Genetics
UK Dementia Research Institute
Microbiology Biocentre
University of Leicester
John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences
Department of Systems Biology
Department of Environmental Health
Johns Hopkins Schizophrenia Center
Faculty of Medicine
Institute for Molecular Bioscience
Department of Biology
Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine
Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology
National Institute of Biological Sciences
The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection
CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor
Department of Surgical Science
Institute of Biochemistry
Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale
European University Cyprus
Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry
IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia
Univ Lyon
State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology
Department of Rheumatology and Immunology
Laboratory of Cell Engineering
Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
Department of Surgery
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Department of Basic Sciences
Departments of Pathology & Cell Biology and Neurology
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
Department of Oncohaematology
Methusalem Program
Infla-Med Centre of Excellence
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
Department of Biology
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Division of BioMedical Sciences
Faculty of Biology
Achucarro Center for Neuroscience
School of Forensic Medicine
State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine
Institute for Developmental Immunology
The Research Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW)
The Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD)
Department of Translational Genomics
CECAD Cluster of Excellence
Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC)
Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry
Department of Laboratory Medicine
Department of Dermatology
Centre for Cell Death
Department of Biomolecular Sciences
Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases
Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health
University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich
University of Zurich
Centre for Inflammation Research
Queens College and Graduate Center
Department of Medicine Huddinge
Department of Biochemistry
Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology
CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition
Faculty of Medicine
National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS “Lazzaro Spallanzani”
Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM
Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine

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