Genetic Diversity of Prolamin Loci Related to Grain Quality in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) in Kazakhstan
Utebayev M. Dashkevich S. Kradetskaya O. Chilimova I. Zhylkybaev R. Zhigula T. Shelayeva T. Khassanova G. Bulatova K. Tsygankov V. Amangeldin M. Shavrukov Y.
January 2026Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Life
2026#16Issue 1
The technological properties of durum wheat grain are determined by prolamins (gliadins and glutenins). Information on the allelic composition of key loci remains incomplete despite existing global studies examining prolamin variability. This highlighted the need to study these traits in durum wheat in Kazakhstan. The effects of specific gliadin components with high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin fractions on gluten quality are also not fully clarified. This study aimed to characterise allelic diversity at prolamin-coding loci and evaluate associated grain quality traits. Using native and denaturing SDS-electrophoresis, 181 tetraploid wheat accessions from Kazakhstan, an International germplasm collection, and 26 breeding lines were analysed for allelic variation and associations with protein content, gluten content, gluten index, and SDS-sedimentation. The γ45 gliadin component and Glu-A3a allele were positively associated with SDS-sedimentation and gluten index, while Glu-B3b had a negative effect. Distinct prolamin profiles were observed among accessions from different ecological and geographical locations. These results support the selection of superior durum wheat genotypes and enable the identification of favourable allele combinations at the Gli-1, Gli-2, Glu-1, and Glu-3 loci in cultivars from Kazakhstan. Comparison with global tetraploid wheat germplasm collections demonstrates unique genetic diversity in genotypes, providing a valuable basis for breeding programs aimed at improving grain and gluten quality in durum wheat in Kazakhstan and Central Asian countries.
allele variants , durum wheat , electrophoresis , gliadin , HMW and LMW glutenin subunits , quality of grain
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A.I. Barayev Research and Production Centre of Grain Farming, Shortandy, 021601, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Agronomy, S. Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical Research University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Almalybak, 040909, Kazakhstan
Kazakh Research Institute of Horse Breeding and Fodder Production, Aktobe, 030014, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
College of Science and Engineering, Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, 5042, SA, Australia
A.I. Barayev Research and Production Centre of Grain Farming
Faculty of Agronomy
Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing
Kazakh Research Institute of Horse Breeding and Fodder Production
Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology
College of Science and Engineering
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