More exact thermodynamic analysis of topological black holes in R2 gravity
Upadhyay S. Kumar J. Veer Singh D. Myrzakulov Y. Myrzakulov K. Ashish A.
10 February 2026World Scientific
International Journal of Modern Physics A
2026#41Issue 4
This study investigates the thermodynamics of topological black hole solutions in R2 gravity, incorporating the effects of small statistical fluctuations up to first-order corrections. We precisely calculate entropy, internal energy, Helmholtz free energy, specific heat, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy, accounting for perturbative thermal corrections. Our results reveal that the internal energy of small black holes diverges asymptotically due to these fluctuations. The corrected Gibbs free energy attains asymptotically high values for small horizon radii. In contrast, the equilibrium Gibbs free energy approaches zero. Additionally, we assess the stability of the black hole in the presence of these thermal fluctuations. We find that, in contrast to the equilibrium state, the thermal fluctuation introduces a double phase transition to the stability of the black hole. Our analysis reveals that the influence of fluctuations is notably significant, primarily for small black holes. These findings offer new insights into the thermodynamic properties of topological black holes in the presence of thermal fluctuations.
Bekenstein entropy , event horizon , hawking temperature
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Department of Physics, K. L. S. College, Nawada, Magadh University, Bihar, Bodh Gaya, 805110, India
School of Physics, Damghan University, P.O. Box 3671641167, Damghan, Iran
P.G. Department of Physics, Magadh University, Bihar, Bodhgaya, 824234, India
Department of Physics, Gla University, Uttar Pradesh, Mathura, 281406, India
Department of General & Theoretical Physics, L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan
Department of Commerce, K. L. S. College, Nawada, Magadh University, Bihar, Bodh Gaya, 805110, India
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA), Maharashtra, Pune, 411007, India
Department of Physics
School of Physics
P.G. Department of Physics
Department of Physics
Department of General & Theoretical Physics
Department of Commerce
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA)
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