Nutritional composition of ghee of various animal origins produced in some silk road countries
Ulambayar N.-E. Smanalieva J. Hellwig A. Iskakova J. Choijilsuren N. Kalemshariv B. Vankhuu E.
August 2024Academic Press Inc.
Journal of Food Composition and Analysis
2024#132
This study aimed to investigate the fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals of ghee from various animal milk from different countries, such as India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and Turkey. Ghee consists of 98.9% of fat, irrespective of the animal source. Among the short- and medium-chain saturated fatty acids, all samples contain butyric (C4:0), caproic (C6:0), caprylic (C8:0), and capric acid (C10:0). Mare and goat ghee additionally contain undecanoic acid (C11:0). Major fatty acids were myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), and monounsaturated fatty acid was oleic acid (C18:1 cis 9). Notably, camel and mare ghee have the highest values of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Regarding minerals, the average levels were 5.48 mg/100 g for calcium, 5.04 mg/100 g for potassium, and 23.6 mg/100 g for phosphorus. Ghee also contains β-carotene at an average of 392 µg/100 g, vitamin A at 606 µg/100 g, and vitamin E at 1650 µg/100 g. The aforementioned results underscore the variation in the nutritional composition of ghee according to its geographical origin and source.
Calcium , Fatty acid content , Ghee , Nutritional value , Phosphorus , Potassium , Vitamin E , β-carotene
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Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, International School of Mongolian Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universitat Dresden, Dresden, 01069, Germany
Department of Food Production Technology, Institute of Technology, Kyrgyz State Technical University named after I.Razzakov, Bishkek, 720044, Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Vitafit Invest LLC, Khan-Uul District, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion
Department of Food Chemistry
Department of Food Production Technology
Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University
Vitafit Invest LLC
Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University
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