Adaptation Features of Gentiana tianschanica Rupr. Populations to Environmental Factors in Kazakhstan
Tynybekov B. Imanaliyeva M. Kuatbayev A. Satybaldiyeva G. Boribay E. Kulymbet K. Umirbayeva Z. Mamytova N. Bekbossyn N. Kurmanbay U. Sadyrova G. Toktar M. Nazarbekova S. Abdullayeva B. Nurmahanova A.
December 2024Engineered Science Publisher
ES Energy and Environment
2024#26
The study investigates the current state, floristic composition, and ecological characteristics of Gentiana tianschanica populations in the Ile-Alatau region, part of the Ile-Alatau National Park, Kazakhstan. Gentiana L., an ancient boreal genus, includes 31 species in Kazakhstan, such as the endemic Gentiana dschungarica. Known for medicinal uses, especially for gastrointestinal and urogenital disorders, interest in gentians has risen for ornamental and pharmacological applications. Nine natural populations of G. tianschanica were studied in diverse ecological and phytocoenotic conditions of the Ile-Alatau mountains. Soil analyses revealed significant differences in the physicochemical properties of the species habitats. In the Kimasar Gorge, mountain-meadow chestnut soils with a light loamy texture were observed, while the Big Almaty Gorge featured dark chestnut soils rich in humus (7.36–18.78%) and nutrients such as nitrogen (120.4–140.0 mg/kg), phosphorus (58–98 mg/kg), and potassium (470–1000 mg/kg). These findings emphasize the species ’adaptation to varying altitudinal and climatic zones. Phytochemical analysis showed G. tianschanica is rich in bioactive compounds, including phenolics, bitter glycosides, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Total phenol content reached 1567.17–9008.20 mg of gallic acid/100 g, with the highest levels in leaves. Flavonoids (up to 1358.25 mg catechin/100 g) and vitamin C (up to 244.7 mg/100 g) were significant. Syringic acid (1685.8 mg/100 g), quercetin (317.4 mg/100 g), and chlorogenic acid (237.5 mg/100 g) highlighted antioxidant and antiinflammatory potential. The antioxidant activity, particularly in leaves, reached 530.30 mg Trolox/100 g. Anthropogenic threats, including overgrazing and habitat disturbance, have led to declining populations, necessitating conservation strategies like habitat monitoring, protective regimes, and sustainable medicinal plant use. This study underscores the ecological and phytochemical significance of G. tianschanica, which is vital for biodiversity conservation and pharmaceutical development.
Ecological adaptation , G. tianschanica , Ile-Alatau , Medicinal plants , Phenolic compounds , Population , Soil
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Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, S. Seifullin Kazakh Grotechnical Research University, Astana, 010011, Kazakhstan
Department of Ecology, Narxoz University, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Department of Soil Ecology, Kazakh Research Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry named after U.U. Uspanov, Almaty, 050060, Kazakhstan
Department of biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, NPJSC «Kazakh women’s teacher training university», Almaty, 05000, Kazakhstan
Department of Chemistry and Biology, Faculty of Pedagogical and Natural Sciences, Zh. Tashenev University, Shymkent, 160000, Kazakhstan
Faculty of geography and environmental management, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Al-Farabi ave. 71, 050040, Kazakhstan
Department of Mine Surveying and Geodesy, Institute Mining and Metallurgical Institute named after O.A. Baikonurov, Satbayev University, Almaty, 050013, Kazakhstan
Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology
Faculty of Forestry
Department of Ecology
Department of Soil Ecology
Department of biology
Department of Chemistry and Biology
Faculty of geography and environmental management
Department of Mine Surveying and Geodesy
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