The impact of Gam-COVID-Vac, an Adv5/ Adv26 COVID-19 vaccine, on the biomarkers of endothelial function, coagulation and platelet activation

Turmukhambetova A. Yegorov S. Korshukov I. Barkhanskaya V. Kolesnichenko S. Klyuyev D. Zhumadilova Z. Pralieva A. Absaghit L. Belyaev R. Babenko D. Hortelano G.H. Miller M.S. Vazenmiller D. Kadyrova I.
October 2023 Public Library of Science

PLoS ONE
2023 #18 Issue 10 October

COVID-19 vaccines have played a critical role in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Although overall considered safe, COVID-19 vaccination has been associated with rare but severe thrombotic events, occurring mainly in the context of adenoviral vectored vaccines. A better understanding of mechanisms underlying vaccine-induced hypercoagulability and prothrombotic state is needed to improve vaccine safety profile. We assessed changes to the biomarkers of endothelial function (endothelin, ET-1), coagulation (thrombomodulin, THBD and plasminogen activator inhibitor, PAI) and platelet activation (platelet activating factor, PAF, and platelet factor 4 IgG antibody, PF4 IgG) within a three-week period after the first (prime) and second (boost) doses of Gam-Covid-Vac, an AdV5/AdV26-vectored COVID-19 vaccine. Blood plasma collected from vaccinees (n = 58) was assayed using ELISA assays. Participants were stratified by prior COVID-19 exposure based on their baseline SARS-CoV-2-specific serology results. We observed a significant post-prime increase in circulating ET-1, with levels sustained after the boost dose compared to baseline. ET-1 elevation following dose 2 was most pronounced in vaccinees without prior COVID-19 exposure. Prior COVID-19 was also associated with a mild increase in post-dose 1 PAI. Vaccination was associated with elevated ET-1 up to day 21 after the second vaccine dose, while no marked alterations to other biomarkers, including PF4 IgG, were seen. A role of persistent endothelial activation following COVID-19 vaccination warrants further investigation.

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Research Centre, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Rehabilitology, Karaganda, Kazakhstan

Research Centre
Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research
School of Sciences and Humanities
Department of Neurology

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