A cost-effective water-in-salt electrolyte enables highly stable operation of a 2.15-V aqueous lithium-ion battery

Turgeman M. Wineman-Fisher V. Malchik F. Saha A. Bergman G. Gavriel B. Penki T.R. Nimkar A. Baranauskaite V. Aviv H. Levi M.D. Noked M. Major D.T. Shpigel N. Aurbach D.
19 January 2022 Cell Press

Cell Reports Physical Science
2022 #3 Issue 1

Extensive efforts are currently underway to develop safe and cost-effective electrolytes for large-scale energy storage. In this regard, water-based electrolytes may be an attractive option, but their narrow electrochemical stability window hinders their realization. Although highly concentrated fluorinated electrolytes have been shown to be highly effective in suppression of water splitting, enabling significant widening of the applied potential range, they utilize expensive salts (e.g., lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide [LiTFSI] or lithium trifluoromethane sulfonate [LiOTf]); hence, they cannot be considered for practical applications. Here, we demonstrate a cost-effective aqueous electrolyte solution combining 14 M LiCl and 4 M CsCl that allows stable operation of a 2.15-V battery comprising a TiO₂ anode and LiMn₂O₄ cathode. Addition of CsCl to the electrolyte plays a double role in system stabilization: the added chloride anions interact with the free water molecules, whereas the chaotropic cesium cations adsorb at the electrified interface, preventing hydrogen formation.

aqueous batteries , aqueous electrolytes , hydrogen evolution , LiCl electrolyte , LiMn₂O₄ , TiO₂

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Department of Chemistry and BINA – BIU Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
Center for Physical and Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, 050040, Kazakhstan
Department of Chemistry, Natural Science Faculty, Ben Gurion University of Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel

Department of Chemistry and BINA – BIU Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials
Center for Physical and Chemical Methods of Research and Analysis
Department of Chemistry

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